1. Oslo Governance Forum October 2011 Anti-corruption approaches and tools in the education sector Laetitia Antonowicz Associate Consultant Education for Change Ltd.

2. Main issues rising from the study UNDP study: Fighting corruption Untangling general governance vs anti-corruption sector specific interventions Few initiatives documented Focus on diagnostic tools Limited in-depth analysis Bigger picture not taken into account Lack of evaluation of effectiveness (external) Four categories of AC interventions AC in HE a rising concern

3. Codes of conduct for education staff Tackling bribes, private tuition, sexual harassment & absenteeism Who initiates? (Gambia) National vs school level (Côte d’Ivoire) Collaboration teacher unions – government Involvement of civil society, parents & students Dissemination, awareness and enforcement Administrative bodies: autonomous/self-regulatory Complaint mechanisms and protection

4. School grants disbursement Mechanisms – Use of third party (2002-03 Sierra Leone) – School bank accounts with several signatories – Compulsory returns and liquidations (Sierra Leone) – Independent monitoring units (Indonesia) Enabling environment – Standardised account systems & school awareness – Information dissemination on grant amounts – Matching grant to school needs: timeliness/accuracy – Monitoring role of SMCs – Training of SMCs/ headteachers

5. Participatory monitoring of education budgets & expenditures Community monitoring – CEF: Process useful to fine tune methodology – Positive impact on good governance & quality education – Some recovery of funds – Sustainability is an issue – Children’s participation (Uganda) Enabling environment – Support to undertake the work – Sustained & genuine interest of beneficiaries – Follow-up of exposed cases of corruption – Absence of fear of reprisals for participants

6. Teacher headcount/payroll clean up Mechanisms (Uganda, Sierra Leone, South Sudan) – Random physical verification in schools – Use of IT, camera & GPS – Young / IT literate analysts – Start from existing list more effective – Involvement of parents and SMCs = more effective – Link to TMIS Challenges (Goldsmith 2010) – Time for matching data – Conversion of data into action on payroll