1. Body Structures and Functions
Skin Disorders

2. ACNE
Symptoms- characterized by blackheads, whiteheads, and pimples. Cysts and nodules form in severe cases.
Causes-changes in hormone levels can cause an increase in oil production by sebaceous glands, clogging pores. Bacteria can cause pores to become infected.
Treatments- topical creams and gels (salicylic acid, benzoyl peroxide, etc), antibiotics in some cases, light therapy, dermabrasion

3. SEBORRHEA
Symptoms-Skin flakes (dandruff) on the scalp, hair, or eyebrows. Patches of red, itchy, greasy skin covered with flaky white or yellow scales or crust on the scalp, ears, face, chest, or other parts of the body.
Causes-can be caused by fungal or bacterial infection, extreme dryness due to weather or metabolic factors, inflammatory response (often accompanies psoriasis or eczema), obesity can aggravate the condition
Treatments-medicated shampoos and soaps, antifungal or antimicrobial medicines when needed, anti-inflammatory creams such as hydrocortisone

4. Athlete’s Foot (Tinea pedis)
Symptoms- scaly rash accompanied by blistering, itching and burning
Causes-fungal infection related to other types that cause infections in human skin, hair and nails
Treatments-keep area dry and use antifungal creams and/or sprays

5. MELANOMA
Symptoms-mole that displays Asymmetry, Border irregularity, unusual Color, Diameter, Evolution (changes over time)
Causes-environmental and genetic factors are both involved, but excessive UV radiation is the major cause. Risk factors include fair skin, frequent sunburns, weakened immune system, and family history of atypical moles.
Treatment- surgery, chemotherapy, radiation, immunotherapy. Advanced forms can cause death.

7. PSORIASIS Symptoms-red, itchy raised patches on the skin (plaques)
Causes- immune response triggered by stress, illness, injury, excessive smoking or alcohol consumption
Treatments-topical anti-inflammatory treatments, light therapy, methatrexate and other oral medications

8. VITILIGO
Symptoms- patches of skin lacking pigment, can occur in all races
Causes- nonfunctional melanocytes (pigment producing cells in skin), may be an immune disorder, some cases are triggered by stress or injury
Treatments- there is currently no cure for vitiligo, but some patients choose to use cosmetics or self-tanner to restore lost color to white areas. Other options include light treatment, corticosteroids, laser therapy, and surgery to restore pigmentation.

9. SHINGLES
Symptoms-red, itchy patches with painful blisters on skin, often along a nerve
Causes- Herpes zoster virus, dormant Chicken pox virus that reemerges at a later time (often during periods of stress, compromised immune system, or injury)
Treatment- antiviral drugs, pain medication, and dressings for areas with severe blistering/sores

10. MRSA (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection)
Symptoms-red, swollen bumps in and on the skin, inflamed areas with pus that are warm to the touch, headache and fever
Causes- bacterial infection that does not respond to conventional antibiotics
Treatment- drainage of pus and liquid from lesion, combinations of antibiotic medications, treat fever with NSAID and fluids

11. Eczema
Symptoms-red, inflamed skin, intense itching, oozing and crusting of lesions
Causes- abnormal immune response, dry sensitive skin, genetic predisposition
Treatments- topical corticosteroids, phototherapy, bathing and using moisturizers

12. ROSACEA
Symptoms- red, inflamed skin, often accompanied by enlarged blood vessels and skin thickening if untreated
Causes- not known
Treatment- topical medications to treat redness and swelling, laser therapy

13. ERYSIPELAS
Symptoms- characterized by large, raised red patches on the skin, especially that of the face and legs, with fever and severe general illness.
Causes- bacterial infection (Streptococci)
Treatments-antibiotics, cold compresses to affected area, NSAIDs for fever and pain

14. WARTS
Symptoms- raised bumpy areas in the top layer of skin, can be widespread or localized
Causes- human papilloma virus (HPV) in the epidermis
Treatments- topical treatments such as salicylic acid, cryotherapy, laser therapy

15. Impetigo
Symptoms- red, inflamed lesions that blister and form crusts. Common in children, highly contagious
Causes- bacterial infection, usually Staphylococcus or Streptococcus strains
Treatments-antibiotic ointments and oral medications