1. Bell Ringer ___________________ took over France in a ________________________ in 1799. What is a coup d’etat? Challenge – What did Napoleon sell to the United States? (Hint: It was named after a French king and he did it to get back at England)

2. Congress of Vienna & Revolutions of 1848

3. NEXT TIME/SOON: We will… You will be able to… Describe the spread of revolutionary movements through Europe in 1848. Today in class… Language Social Studies -Define: Nation-State -Read about the Ideal of Nationalism and answer critical thinking questions. -Identify the Congress of Vienna, its leader, and the outcome. -Identify locations of European revolutions in 1848. -Describe the outcomes of 1848.

4. Nation-State = Country where all the people share a common culture and identity

5. Congress of Vienna After Napoleon’s empire collapsed, a conference of ambassadors of European nations was held in Vienna from September 1814 to June 1815.

6. Let’s Go Back to Before 1789 Ahhh … the good, old days … before 1789 … The meetings were chaired by the Austrian prince Klemens von Metternich.

7. Objectives of the Congress of Vienna The Congress of Vienna wanted Europe to be like it was before the French Revolution. Contain France by redrawing the map. Contain France by redrawing the map. Establish a Balance of Power. Establish a Balance of Power. Restore monarchies so another “Napoleon” could not take over. Restore monarchies so another “Napoleon” could not take over.

8. Achievements and Results Boundaries of France were restored to the boundaries of 1789 Boundaries of France were restored to the boundaries of 1789 Returned territories to many European countries Returned territories to many European countries Quadruple alliance (Britain, Austria, Russia, and Prussia) Quadruple alliance (Britain, Austria, Russia, and Prussia) “Concert of Europe” “Concert of Europe” Alliance formed to control France and keep peace Alliance formed to control France and keep peace No major conflicts until 1914 No major conflicts until 1914

10. Which came first? French Revolution OR Congress of Vienna

11. Who came first? Louis XVI ORNapoleon

12. Who came first? NapoleonORMetternich

13. Which came first? French Revolution OR American Revolution

14. 1848 The Year of Revolutions

15. Setting the Stage The first major revolution in Europe was the French Revolution. The first major revolution in Europe was the French Revolution. This sparked “firecracker revolutions” across central Europe. This sparked “firecracker revolutions” across central Europe.

16. Causes of Revolutions in 1848 1. Class struggles between the “Haves” and the “Have Nots” 2. Economic Problems 3. The Revolutions were started by middle class populations (not working class)

17. Economic Problems Not enough jobs for everyone Not enough jobs for everyone Food shortages Food shortages Inflation Inflation Poverty Poverty

18. Revolutions

19. New Ideologies Develop Conservatism: Wealthy landowners & nobles who wanted to keep the traditional monarchies & class system of Europe. Conservatism: Wealthy landowners & nobles who wanted to keep the traditional monarchies & class system of Europe. Liberalism: Middle-class business leaders who wanted to give more political power to the elected governments. Liberalism: Middle-class business leaders who wanted to give more political power to the elected governments.

20. What peace conference had tried to re-establish the old absolute monarchies? Who was its leader? Do you think he was a Liberal or a Conservative? Why?

21. Immediate Effects The Revolutions of 1848 had very few immediate effects. By spring of the year, many revolts had begun to die down. The revolutionaries all agreed that they wanted to get rid of the old governments, but they disagreed about what to do next. These disagreements resulted in a lack of organization, which made it difficult for revolutionaries to continue to resist the armies of returning monarchs. Thus, by 1849, Europe had practically returned to its pre-1848 status.

22. Lasting Effects The Revolutions of 1848 did have some long-term effects. While the revolutions’ new governments could be easily destroyed, the forces of change could not be stopped. Again and again throughout the West there would be uprisings and demands for independence and an end to old empires. Also, the short-lived governments of 1848 were the beginnings of many more modern forms of government, such as liberalism and socialism, which are still around today.

23. Which came first? Revolutions of 1848 OR Congress of Vienna

24. Make a Prediction Look back at the map of Europe. Where do you think we will continue to see political unrest? Why? Explain your answer in a short paragraph at the bottom of your notes.