1. Revolutions of…

2. Series of Revolutions in Early 1800’s The post – Napoleonic world was set up for balance of powers among the large governments. However, the ideas of liberalism have spread throughout Europe. The Genie is Out! Throughout Europe, Nationalism and Liberalism caused constant revolutions to pop up during that time.

3. Early Revolutions 1820 – Spain 1821 – Italy 1825 – Russia 1821-1829 – Greeks –Greece different because major powers supported it –Philhellenes –Lord Byron

4. The Second Wave 1830 – French – Again….. 1830 – Belgians claimed independence 1831 – Polish revolt crushed by Russia 1832 – Italians crushed by Austrians

5. French Revolt in 1830 1. Charter of French Libertines Louis XVIII 2. After his death, Charles X ascended to the throne –Gave back land to Emigres –Censored press –Church gained greater control over education Liberals won the majority of both houses of Parliament in 1830. 3. Charles attempted to dissolve it – July –Ordinances (Ordinance of St.- Cloud) Three Glorious Days 4. Bourgeois revolt – Upper members of those individuals offered throne to duc d’Orleans – Louis Philippe –Upper Bourgeois gained his allegiance – lower city workers and petty bourgeois feel betrayed

6. Causes of the Revolutions of 1848 Poor economic issues – failed harvests the prior two to three years –More people not buying goods produced in factories –More layoffs = more starving people –Russia and Britain less because they were both less and more devleoped

7. Causes of the Revolutions of 1848 Political –Re-awakening of the Liberal consciousness –Lack of universal manhood suffrage –Desire for greater share of political power by proletariat (poor inner city workers) –The Communist Manifesto Published

8. Causes of the Revolutions of 1848 Social Clashes –Clashes of social classes for the first time since French Revolution. –Nationalism on the rise –Desire for linguistic and cultural unity – very dangerous to Austria, Germany, Russia –Cholera epidemic in Rhineland

10. France – February 1848

11. France – June 1848

12. Berlin – March 1848

13. Vienna – May 1848

14. Hungary - 1849

15. Why Not Britain? –The English already had a Bill of Rights that had been agreed upon 100 years earlier –The British parliament had been dealing with the effects of industrialism for 100 years earlier than the other countries

16. –They made some concessions early to avoid problems Since no second titles for lesser children, had to get jobs in the public sphere No Catholic Church to behold to Set up the prime minister, parliament, and cabinet system which gave more checks on monarchy than anywhere else 1832 – Reform Act – granted suffrage for 200,000 more people and prevented a revolt 1833 – Slavery abolished in the empire 1835 – Municipal Corporations Act – local governments given more power Chartists attempted to get great reform programs –Became focused on economics and not democracy –Lost power after that.