1. 1 Measurement and Units Seven Fundamental SI Units of Measurement.

2. 2 Measurement and Units

3. 3 Some Prefixes for Multiples of SI Units. Measurement and Units

4. 4

5. 5 Some Derived Quantities. Measurement and Units

6. 6 Density relates the mass of an object to its volume. Density decreases as a substance is heated because the substance’s volume increases. Knowing the density of a substance allows measurements in volume to be recorded in mass. Measurement and Units

7. 7

8. 8 Densities of Some Common Materials. Measurement and Units

9. 9 What is the density of glass (in grams per cubic centimeter) if a sample weighing 26.43 g has a volume of 12.40 cm 3 ? What is the density of glass (in grams per cubic centimeter) if a sample weighing 26.43 g has a volume of 12.40 cm 3 ? Chloroform, a substance once used as an anesthetic, has a density of 1.483 g/mL at 20°C. How many mL would you use if you needed 9.37 g? Chloroform, a substance once used as an anesthetic, has a density of 1.483 g/mL at 20°C. How many mL would you use if you needed 9.37 g? Measurement and Units

10. 10 Measurement and Units

11. 11 Temperature Conversions: The Kelvin and Celsius degree are essentially the same because both are one hundredth of the interval between freezing and boiling points of water. Measurement and Units

12. 12 Measurement and Units Temperature Conversions: Celsius (°C) — Kelvin temperature conversion: Kelvin (K) = °C + 273.15 Fahrenheit (°F) — Celsius temperature conversions:

13. 13 Carry out the indicated temperature conversions: (a) –78°C = ? K (b) 158°C = ? °F (c) 375 K = ? °C (d) 98.6°F = ? °C (e) 98.6°F = ? K Measurement and Units

14. 14 English System of Units Volume: Gallon (gal) = 4 quarts (qt) = 8 pints (pt) = 128 fluid ounces (fl oz) Length: Mile (mi) = 1760 yards (yd) = 5280 feet (ft) = 63360 inches (in) Mass: 1 ton = 2000 pounds (lb) = 32000 ounces (oz)

15. 15 Dimensional-Analysis method uses a conversion factor to express the relationship between units.  OriginalQuantity  ConversionFactor=EquivalentQuantity Example: Express 2.50 kginlb. ConversionFactor:1.00kg=2.205lbarrangedas 2.205lb 1.00kg  2.50kg  2.205lb 1.00kg =6.00lb(correctto3significantfigures) Measurement and Units

16. 16 Common Conversion Factors 2.54 cm = 1 in 454 g = 1 lb 0.946 L = 1 qt 1 mL = 1 cm 3 = 1 g water

17. 17 Ball Park Conversion Factors 1 m ~ 1 yd 1 L ~ 1 qt 1 kg ~ 2 lb

18. 18 Conversion Factors

19. 19 Conversion Factors

20. 20 The volcanic explosion that destroyed Krakatau on August 17, 1883, released an estimated 4.3 cubic miles (mi 3 ) of debris into the atmosphere. In SI units, how many cubic meters (m 3 ) were released? The volcanic explosion that destroyed Krakatau on August 17, 1883, released an estimated 4.3 cubic miles (mi 3 ) of debris into the atmosphere. In SI units, how many cubic meters (m 3 ) were released? Conversion Factors

21. 21 How many meters are there in a marathon race (26 miles and 385 yd)? How many meters are there in a marathon race (26 miles and 385 yd)? How large, in cubic centimeters, is the volume of a red blood cell if the cell has a circular shape with a diameter of 6.0 x 10 –6 m and a height of 2.0 x 10 –6 m? How large, in cubic centimeters, is the volume of a red blood cell if the cell has a circular shape with a diameter of 6.0 x 10 –6 m and a height of 2.0 x 10 –6 m? Conversion Factors

22. 22 Interesting Conversion Problem

23. 23 Interesting Conversion Problem

24. 24 Interesting Conversion Problem A test rat weighs 512 g The rat begins to eat Bayer Aspirin tablets 1 at a time. How many tablets (on average) will have been consumed when the rat dies? How many tablets (on average) will have been consumed when the rat dies?