2. The Geography of Rome

4. Italy in 750 BCE

5. Influence of the Etruscans  Writing  Religion  The Arch

6. The Mythical Founding of Rome: Romulus & Remus

8. Republic After driving the last Etruscan monarch from power, the Romans established a republic.After driving the last Etruscan monarch from power, the Romans established a republic. –Government in which power rests with citizens who have the right to select their leaders.

9. Republican Government 2 Consuls (Rulers of Rome) (Chief executives of the government) Senate (Representative body for patricians— wealthy landowners) Tribal Assembly (Representative body for plebeians)

10. Plebeians The common citizens of RomeThe common citizens of Rome Below the Plebeians were slavesBelow the Plebeians were slaves –Some slaves became gladiators

11. The Twelve Tables, 450 BCE  Providing political and social rights for the plebeians.

12. Twelve Tables It was written down.It was written down. It was publicly displayed so people were aware.It was publicly displayed so people were aware. It gave legal protection to all citizens (plebeians)It gave legal protection to all citizens (plebeians)

13. The Roman Forum

14. Rome’s Early Road System

15. Roman Roads: The Appian Way

16. Roman Aqueducts

17. The Roman Colosseum

18. The Colosseum Interior

19. Circus Maximus

20. Carthaginian Empire

21. Hannibal’s Route

22. Reform Leaders  Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus the poor should be given grain and small plots of free land. Military Reformer  Gaius Marius recruited an army from the poor and homeless. professional standing army. Legions—name for Rome’s military forces

23. PompeyPompey Civil War & Dictators Julius Caesar

24. Crossing the Rubicon, 49 BC The Die is Cast!

25. The First Triumvirate  Julius Caesar  Marcus Licinius Crassus  Gaius Magnus Pompey

26. The First Triumvirate Ruled Rome for 10 years before Caesar and Pompey clashed and went to war.Ruled Rome for 10 years before Caesar and Pompey clashed and went to war.

27. Beware the Ides of March! 44 BCE

28. Julius Caesar Held the title of dictator or absolute ruler at the time of his assassination by members of the SenateHeld the title of dictator or absolute ruler at the time of his assassination by members of the Senate

29. The Second Triumvirate  Octavian Augustus  Marc Antony  Marcus Lepidus

31. Octavian Augustus: Rome’s First Emperor

32. Octavian Eventually accepted the title of Augustus, which means “exalted one”Eventually accepted the title of Augustus, which means “exalted one”

33. The First Roman Dynasty

34. Pax Romana : 27 BCE – 180 CE

35. The Greatest Extent of the Roman Empire – 14 CE

36. The Rise of Christianity

37. St. Paul: Apostle to the Gentiles

38. Paul Considered the first Pope of the Christian churchConsidered the first Pope of the Christian church

39. Peter Christian leader who wrote letters that formed the Epistles of the New Testament to groups of believers.Christian leader who wrote letters that formed the Epistles of the New Testament to groups of believers. Main source of information about the life of Jesus of Nazareth is the Gospels of the Christian BibleMain source of information about the life of Jesus of Nazareth is the Gospels of the Christian Bible

40. The Spread of Christianity

41. Rome and Christianity Roman rulers opposed Christianity because Christians would not worship Roman gods.Roman rulers opposed Christianity because Christians would not worship Roman gods. Christianity spread because:Christianity spread because: –It embraced all people—men and women, rich and poor –Rome’s excellent roads encouraged the exchange of ideas –Jesus promised eternal life

42. Jewish Diaspora Forced dispersal of Jews from the Holy LandsForced dispersal of Jews from the Holy Lands

43. Imperial Roman Road System

44. The Empire in Crisis: 3c

45. Diocletian Splits the Empire in Two: 294 CE

46. Constantine: 312 - 337

47. Constantine Responsible for moving capital of the Roman Empire from Rome to Byzantium.Responsible for moving capital of the Roman Empire from Rome to Byzantium. –Constantinople

48. Constantinople: “The 2 nd Rome” (Founded in 330)

49. Barbarian Invasions: 4c-5c

50. The Legacy of Rome  Republic Government (Europe and US)  Roman Law  Latin Language  Roman Catholic Church  City Planning  Romanesque Architectural Style  Roman Engineering Aqueducts-water supply Aqueducts-water supply Sewage systems Sewage systems Dams Dams Cement Cement Arch Arch