2. The posterior pituitary hormone – Oxytocin:  Produced mainly in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus.

3. Action of oxytocin 1.Contraction of smooth muscles of the uterus  enhance labor. 2.Contraction of mammary gland myoepithelial cells of the alveoli & the ducts  Ejection of milk 3. In men  ejaculation (contraction of vas deferens propelling sperms towards urethra) Remember: Oxytocin is concerned with releasing or ejection of milk, while prolactin is concerned with synthesis & production of milk.

4. Milk let down or Milk ejection SUCKLING-----Signals transmitted through sensory nerves to paraventricular and supraoptic nucleus-- ---------Release of oxytocin---------- oxytocin carried by blood to breasts------ --------Contraction of myoepithelial cells (smooth muscle like cells)------Flow of milk

5. Control of oxytocin release 1. Stimulation of nipple ( suckling reflex)   oxytocin. 2. Visual or auditory stimuli from the baby   oxytocin secretion. 3. Distension of uterus & stretching of cervix during delivery   oxytocin release. 4. During coitus  oxytocin secretion. 5. Psychological & emotional factors, e.g. Fear, anxiety & pain   oxytocin. 6. Alcohol   oxytocin secretion. 7.Hormones: a. progesterone   uterine sensitivity to oxytocin. b. estrogen   uterine sensitivity to oxytocin.