1. VULNERABLE HOUSEHOLDS AND DISTRIBUTED RENEWABLE ELECTRICITY IN ONTARIO: EMERGING CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES Ian Rowlands Presentation on Panel 6, ‘Policy Options for Renewable Energy Development in Ontario and Canada’, at the ‘Climate Change and Renewable Energy Policy in the EU and Canada Workshop’ @IanHRowlands

2. PURPOSE To catalyze discussion regarding linkages between two sets of issues in Ontario – namely, advocacy and analysis on the part of vulnerable (particularly low-income) households and increased deployment of distributed renewable electricity 2

3. OUTLINE Context Vulnerable households Distributed renewable electricity Connections Electricity data Electricity partnerships Prosumers Sharing economy Recommendations and discussion 3

4. CONTEXT Vulnerable households – some relevant context There is currently no definition of “vulnerable consumers”. LIEN recommends that this term should be clearly defined in the OEB Act and that the definition should encompass low-income households, including single-parent led families, the disabled, seniors, and those in receipt of social assistance. (January 2015) http://www.rds.ontarioenergyboard.ca/webdrawer/webdrawer.dll/webdrawer/rec/462093/view/ 4

5. CONTEXT Vulnerable households – some relevant data 11.6% of Ontario’s 4.9 million households are ‘low-income’ 20.4% of Ontario’s 453,000 lone-parent family households are ‘low-income’ 25.7% of Ontario’s 1.4 million renter households are ‘low-income’ Put another way: while 28.4% of all households rented in Ontario in 2011, 63.2% of low-income households did. Source: Statistics Canada, 2011 National Household Survey, data table 99-014-X2011028. 5

6. CONTEXT Distributed Renewable Electricity – some relevant definitions http://www.nrcan.gc.ca/energy/renewable-electricity/7295; http://fit.powerauthority.on.ca/sites/default/files/version4/FIT-Price-Schedule- 2016-01-01.pdf 6 Renewable energy is energy obtained from natural resources that can be naturally replenished or renewed within a human lifespan, that is, the resource is a sustainable source of energy.

7. CONTEXT Distributed Renewable Electricity – some relevant data Additionally, ‘embedded’ generation solar – 2.15 TWh wind – 1.12 TWh LTEP (Ontario in 2025) solar – 3% wind – 11% Independent Electricity System Operator, ‘Supply Overview’, http://www.ieso.ca/Pages/Power-Data/Supply.aspx; Independent Electricity System Operator, ‘Power to Ontario. On Demand.’, http://www.ieso.ca/; Achieving Balance: Ontario’s Long-Term Energy Plan (Toronto, ON: Ontario Ministry of Energy, 2013), p. 31. 7 Ontario’s electricity output (TWh), by fuel type, 2014

8. CONNECTIONS http://communityservices.regionofwaterloo.ca/en/communityProgramsSupports /resources/EnergyAssistanceflyer.pdf#Energy Assistance Flyer; http://www.ieso.ca/PublishingImages/Pages/Ontario's-Power-System/Smart- Grid/default/smart-home.gif 8

9. CONNECTIONS In a broader system https://www.sgiclearinghouse.org/ConceptualModel 9

10. CONNECTIONS: MORE ELECTRICITY DATA http://us.sunpower.com/home-solar/; http://www.energyhub.uwaterloo.ca 10

11. CONNECTIONS: MORE ELECTRICITY DATA Pros ‘better’ energy management Cons privacy and security issues http://www.albertasmartmeters.ca 11

12. CONNECTIONS: ELECTRICITY PARTNERSHIPS growing and deepening network of relationships among various actors http://solarcanadaconference.ca/attend/ 12

13. CONNECTIONS: ELECTRICITY PARTNERSHIPS attractiveness of the electricity account? http://www.thestar.com/news/gta/2013/04/09/peel_region_services_for_poor_st retched_to_limit.html; http://www.thestar.com/news/queenspark/2013/11/12/ontario_affordable_housi ng_waiting_lists_still_climbing.html 13

14. CONNECTIONS: PROSUMERS Definition of prosumer: The term “prosumer” refers to consumers who also produce commodities or services. http://iea-retd.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/RE-PROSUMERS_IEA- RETD_2014.pdf; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5woOVNgsld0; http://followgreenliving.com/carbon-credits-hoax-hope/ 14

15. CONNECTIONS: PROSUMERS potential risks inability to access inexpensive capital may be a barrier to entry lack of resilience in the face of uncertainty may be a barrier to entry lack of tenancy may be problematic no ‘agency’ on the surrounding built environment living the problematic ‘split incentive’ situation (vis-à-vis the landlord-tenant relationship) 15

16. CONNECTIONS: THE SHARING ECONOMY What might the ‘uber-isation’ and/or the ‘air bnb-isation’ of the electricity industry look like? http://vandebron.pr.co/72191-an-online-marketplace-for-energy-a-world-first-in- the-netherlands 16

17. CONNECTIONS: THE SHARING ECONOMY What is thus important? energy literacy and energy partnerships Low-income neighbourhoods’ influence in energy siting decisions What happens if grid defections increase, and the ‘utility death spiral’ becomes a reality? utilities re-examine and potentially re-invent themselves? 17

18. RECOMMENDATIONS Keep the ‘value proposition’ for vulnerable households clearly in sight Engage vulnerable households in renewable electricity development Take a holistic approach in energy poverty / sustainable energy policy-making 18

19. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Ian H. Rowlands and Gord Stephen, Vulnerable Households and the Smart Grid in Ontario: Emerging Challenges and Opportunities (Toronto, ON: Metcalf Foundation, forthcoming). 15 interviewees and 7 other individuals who assisted with that report http://metcalffoundation.com/ 19

20. SUMMARY AND DISCUSSION Presenter’s contact details Ian H. Rowlands irowlands@uwaterloo.ca @IanHRowlands 519-888-4567, ext. 32574 http://tinyurl.com/IanHRowlands 20