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Published byCaitlin Pitts Modified over 9 years ago
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October 2, 2014
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Nerve cells Conduct impulses that carry signals Types Sensory ▪ Respond to incoming stimuli ▪ Transmit information from senses to brain Motor ▪ Relay information from the brain to rest of the body Interneurons ▪ Process information between sensory and motor
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Cell Body Life support center Dendrites Receive messages from other cells (INPUT) Axons Passes messages away from the cell body to other neurons (OUTPUT) Myelin Sheath covers the axons and helps speed neural impulses Terminal Branches Ends of axons; contain neurotransmitters Synaptic Gap Space between terminal branches and dendrites
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1. Depolarization Semipermeable cell membrane lets positively charged ions in. 2. Action Potential If excitatory signals minus inhibitory signals exceed threshold “all-or-none” response: neurons either fire or don’t 3. Release of Neurotransmitter Cross synaptic gap and bind to receptors on receiving neuron 4. Refractory Period Positively charged ions are pumped back outside; then neuron can fire again.
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Particular neurotransmitters have particular effects on behavior and emotions Particular brain pathways use particular neurotransmitters Examples: Acetylcholine and memory Dopamine and mobility Serotonin and depression
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Block reuptake … of neurotransmitter at presynaptic neuron overabundance 0f neurotransmitter Examples: Prozac, cocaine Mimic neurotransmitters Called agonists Examples: nicotine, THC (in marijuana) Block receptor site Prevent neurotransmitter message from being relayed Example: curare posion
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