1. Chapter 2: Signal Detection and Absolute Judgement
Slide Template

2. SIGNAL DETECTION THEORY

3. The Signal Detection Paradigm
Hit, misses, false alarms and correct rejections.

4. The Signal Detection Paradigm
Change in the evidence variable caused by a weak and strong signal.

5. The Signal Detection Paradigm
Hypothetical distribution underlying signal detection theory and sensitivity

6. Setting the Response Criterion: Optimally in SDT
Signal probability. Optimal beta.
Payoffs. Expected value.

7. Setting the Response Criterion: Optimally in SDT
Human Performance in Setting Beta.
Sluggish beta.
Relationship between obtained and optimal decision criteria.

8. Sensitivity
Misses result because of high beta or low sensitivity

9. The roc curve

10. Theoretical Representation
Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve

11. Theoretical Representation
Analysis of confidence ratings in signal detection tasks.

12. Theoretical Representation
Z-scores.

13. Empirical Data
Distinction between theoretical data and actual empirical data collected in an experiment

14. FUZZY SIGNAL DETECTION THEORY

15. Fuzzy SDT
Combining SDT and fuzzy logic.
Mapping function.

16. Applications of sdt

17. Medical Diagnosis
Disease prevalence.

18. Recognition Memory and Eyewitness Testimony
Relative judgment

19. Alarm and Alert Systems
SDT and warning signals

20. Alarm and Alert Systems
Alarm false alarms
Minimum safe altitude warning
Solutions:
Use multiple alarm levels
Raise automated beta slightly
Keep the human in the loop
Improve operator understanding of alarm false alarms.

21. vigilance

22. Target versus non-target events
Vigilance level and vigilance decrement

23. Measuring Vigilance Performance
Influences on sensitivity
Changes in bias

24. Theories of Vigilance
Arousal theory

25. Theories of Vigilance
Sustained demand theory.
Expectancy theory.

26. Techniques to Combat the Loss of Vigilance
Increasing sensitivity:
show target examples
increase target salience
reduce the event rate
train observers
Shift in Response Criterion.
Instructions, knowledge of results, false signals, confidence levels
Other techniques
Arousal and fatigue

27. Application Inside and outside the Laboratory Examples
Situation Awareness

28. Absolute JUDGMENT

29. Quantifying Information
Bits

30. Single Dimensions Experimental Results Channel capacity Bow Effect
Applictions

31. Multi-dimensional Judgment
Orthogonal Dimensions

32. Multi-dimensional Judgment
Correlated Dimensions

33. Multi-dimensional Judgment
Dimensional Relations:
Integral and Separable.
Garner Sort task.

34. Multi-dimensional Judgment
Configural Dimensions
Emergent features.
Summary

35. Multi-dimensional Judgment
Implications of Multi-Dimensional Absolute Judgment
Example of configural dimensions for the heights and widths of rectangles