1. 2000 BCE – 220 CE

3. Satellite View of China

4. China’s Provinces

5. China—Asia’s Superpower

6. China vs. the U. S. in Size China United States

7. Comparing China & the U. S. China United States Size 3.7 million square miles 3.6 million square miles Main physical barrier HimalayasRockies Main River Yangtze / East - West Mississippi / North – South Population East Coast Connectivity problems North - South East - West

8. Pacific “Rim of Fire”

9. Bodies of Water Huang-He River Y e l l o w S e a Yangtze River Pacific Ocean Amur River Xi River South China Sea Sea of Japan

10. The Polluted Yellow River! VOCABULARY Loess

11. The Yangtze River

12. China’s Climate Zones

13. Precipitation in China

14. Arable Land

15. “Brown” China vs. “Green” China Rice Dominant Wheat Dominant Pasture and Oasis Double-crop rice

16. China as % of World Population

17. The Population of China thousands

18. “Chung Kuo” (The “Middle Kingdom”)

20. Bronze Age Empires

21. Shang Religion n Animism – The belief that spirits inhabit everything. n Ancestor Worship n Shang Di – A god who controlled the forces of nature n Oracle Bones

22. Oracle Bones

23. The Evolution of Chinese Writing During PictographsSemantic-Phonetics

24. Axe Scepter – 1100 BCE - Jade Ceremonial Dagger – 1028 BCE

25. Shang Urn

26. Shang Bronzes

27. Ritual Wine Vessel – Bronze, 13c BCE

29. Western Zhou: 1027-771 BCE

30. Zhou Coins - Bronze

31. “T’ien Ming” The Mandate of Heaven 1.The leader must lead by ability and virtue. 2.The dynasty's leadership must be justified by succeeding generations. 3.The mandate could be revoked by negligence and abuse; the will of the people was important.

32. The Dynastic Cycle The Dynastic Cycle A new dynasty comes to power. Lives of common people improved; taxes reduced; farming encouraged. Problems begin (extensive wars, invasions, etc.) Taxes increase; men forced to work for army. Farming neglected. Govt. increases spending; corruption. Droughts, floods, famines occur. Poor lose respect for govt. They join rebels & attack landlords. Rebel bands find strong leader who unites them. Attack the emperor. Emperor is defeated !! The emperor reforms the govt. & makes it more efficient. Start here 

33. Early Ideology n Yin and Yang n Yin: female, dark, weak, wet, passive n Yang: male, bright, strong, dry, active n balance of opposites

34. Zhou Contributions n Feudalism –Kings > Local Lords > Peasants Feudal Lords Gain Power n Iron Age n The First Bound Books n Astronomers Study Planets & Eclipses

35. Silk Worms

38. * 551 – 479 B.C.E. * Born in the feudal state of Liu. * Became a teacher and editor of books. * Filial Piety (Respect your elders!) * Social Order / Education

39. 1. Ruler Subject 2. Father Son 3. Husband Wife 4. Older Brother Younger Brother 5. Older Friend Younger Friend

40. * Status * Age * Gender

42. * The single most important Confucian work. * In Chinese, it means “conversation.” * Focus on practicalities of interpersonal relationships and the relationship of the role of rulers and ministers to the conduct of government.

44. INDIA 1. Brahmin CHINA 1. Scholar-Gentry 2. Kshatriyas 2. Peasants 3. Vaishyas 4. Shudras 3. Artisans 4. Merchants UntouchablesSoldiers Imperial Nobility Domestic Slaves

46. *His name means “Old Master” * Contemporary of Confucius * The Dao De Ching, The Classic in the Way and Its Power

47. 1. Rejecting formal knowledge and learning. 2. Relying on the senses and instincts. 3. Discovering the nature and “rhythm” of the universe. 4. Ignoring political and social laws. To escape the “social, political, & cultural traps” of life, one must escape by:

48. * Masculine * Active * Light * Warmth * Strong * Heaven; Sun * Feminine * Passive * Darkness * Cold * Weak * Earth; Moon

49. How is a man to live in a world dominated by chaos, suffering, and absurdity?? Confucianism --> Moral order in society. Legalism --> Rule by harsh law & order. Daoism --> Freedom for individuals and less govt. to avoid uniformity and conformity.

50. Qin Dynasty 221 BCE – 206 BCE

51. China under the Qin dynasty, 221-207 B.C.E.

52. Emperor Shi Huangdi n Means “First Emperor” n Ruled by the Legalist theory n Autocracy n Standardization: Coins, Measurements, Writing n Massive conscription for labor –His Necropolis –Great Wall of China Begun

54. 1. Human nature is naturally selfish. 2. Intellectualism and literacy is discouraged. 3. Law is the supreme authority and replaces morality. 4. The ruler must rule with a strong, punishing hand. 5. War is the means of strengthening a ruler’s power.

55. n The figures include warriors, chariots, horses, officials, acrobats, strongmen, and musicians. n Current estimates are that in the three pits containing the Terracotta Army there were over 8,000 soldiers, 130 chariots with 520 horses and 150 cavalry horses, the majority of which are still buried in the pits.

57. The Great Wall of China

58. Han Dynasty 206 BCE – 220 CE

59. The Han Dynasty & Tributary States

60. Han Achievements n Civil Service Exam founded by Emperor Wudi n Paper n The Rudder n Astronomers observe sunspots n Acupuncture n Silk Road n Buddhism spreads after the Han fall

61. The Silk Road in the 1 st Century

62. Reasons for the Han Dynasty’s Fall n Political – Emperors after Wudi unable to control powerful warlords n Economic – Canals and roads fell into disrepair, destroying commerce. High taxes led to revolt n Military – Warlords overthrew and divided. Invaders pass the Great Wall. Leads to 400 years of disunity.