1. The Basis of Cellular Inheritance Chapter 9

2. Vocabulary Clarification

3. Human Karyotype HOMOLOGOUS CHROMOSOMES: carry the same genetic info, one copy is from Mom and one copy is from Dad XX = Female XY = Male

4. Diploid vs. Haploid Diploid cells (2n) have 2 sets of chromosomes (somatic cells- almost all cells in the body) Haploid cells (n) have one set of chromosomes (gametes or sex cells)

5. The Cell Cycle

6. INTERPHASE Plant Cell

7. Phases of Mitosis: PROPHASE Plant Cell

8. Phases of Mitosis: METAPHASE Plant Cell

9. Phases of Mitosis: ANAPHASE Plant Cell

10. Phases of Mitosis: TELOPHASE Plant Cell Cell Plate

11. Regulating The Cell Cycle Cells complete the cell cycle at different paces; some cells don’t divide (ex: neurons, cardiac muscle) Special proteins direct the sequence of events and serve as “checkpoints” When this “control system” malfunctions, cells reproduce at the wrong time and place leading to tumors

12. Tumors and Cancer Benign Tumors (not cancer) A mass of normal cells Malignant Tumors Masses of cancer cells Cancer cells displace normal tissue, enter blood vessels, and can metastasize, or spread from their site of origin Combating cancer requires a deep understanding of the cell cycle

13. Cancer Treatment SURGERY Remove tumor from tissue RADIATION Expose dividing tumor cells to high-energy radiation to disrupt division CHEMOTHERAPY Use antimitotic drugs to prevent spindle formation or function SIDE EFFECTS Damage reproductive cell development (sterility) Damage intestinal cells (nausea) Damage hair follicle cells (hair loss)

14. Asexual vs. Sexual Reproduction ASEXUAL Offspring inherit all their genetic information from ONE parent (genetic clones) Mitosis SEXUAL Genetic information from two parents combines to make offspring (genetically unique offspring) Meiosis

15. Mitosis vs. Meiosis

16. MITOSISMEIOSIS

17. MITOSISMEIOSIS Growth, repair, asexual reproduction

18. MITOSISMEIOSIS Growth, repair, asexual reproduction Formation of gametes, sexual reproduction

19. MITOSISMEIOSIS Growth, repair, asexual reproduction Formation of gametes, sexual reproduction 2 daughter cells genetically identical to parent

20. MITOSISMEIOSIS Growth, repair, asexual reproduction Formation of gametes, sexual reproduction 2 daughter cells genetically identical to parent 4 daughter cells genetically unique from each other and parent

21. MITOSISMEIOSIS Growth, repair, asexual reproduction Formation of gametes, sexual reproduction 2 daughter cells genetically identical to parent 4 daughter cells genetically unique from each other and parent Diploid Daughter Cells

22. MITOSISMEIOSIS Growth, repair, asexual reproduction Formation of gametes, sexual reproduction 2 daughter cells genetically identical to parent 4 daughter cells genetically unique from each other and parent Diploid Daughter CellsHaploid Daughter Cells

23. MITOSISMEIOSIS Growth, repair, asexual reproduction Formation of gametes, sexual reproduction 2 daughter cells genetically identical to parent 4 daughter cells genetically unique from each other and parent Diploid Daughter CellsHaploid Daughter Cells One Division

24. MITOSISMEIOSIS Growth, repair, asexual reproduction Formation of gametes, sexual reproduction 2 daughter cells genetically identical to parent 4 daughter cells genetically unique from each other and parent Diploid Daughter CellsHaploid Daughter Cells One DivisionTwo Divisions