1. Change is Inevitable
Evidence of Evolution

2. Evolution Defined as: Change over time Geological Biological
Chucky D. in 1854
Defined as:
Change over time
Geological
Earth Science
Biological
Living things

3. Fossil Evidence Extinct: No longer found anywhere (alive)
Mastodon giganteus
Extant: Living specimens still found
Trichodops kerhonsonensis

4. Types of fossils Molds and casts Dents in the mud; some get filled in
Probably T. rex
Rhamphorhynchus
Dents in the mud; some get filled in

5. Types of fossils Petrification – literally means “turn to stone”
A mineral facsimile

6. Types of fossils Amber, Ice and Peat bogs
Oligochlora semirugosa
Contain actual material from the organisms

7. Putting the fossils in order: Relative dating
“Older/younger than”
Law of superposition: Oldest fossils below newer ones.
Correlation: Using mineral characteristics of rock layers that are no longer connected
Index fossils: Fossils of a known time of existence to compare with unknown fossils

8. Putting the fossils in order: Absolute dating
How many years old
Radiodating: Carbon-14 breaks down at a known rate.

9. Evidence From Living Things
Comparative anatomy: looking at the structure of different organisms for differences and similarities of form and function

10. Evidence From Living Things
Comparative Embryology: Similarities/differences during development

11. Evidence From Living Things
Comparative Biochemistry: Similarities/differences in chemical structures i.e. DNA, proteins, etc.,

12. Comparative Anatomy Homologous structures
Similar internal structure and development
Different external appearance and use
Show a STRONG evolutionary relationship (recent common ancestor)
Homologous structures

13. Comparative Anatomy Analogous structures
Different internal structure and development
Similar external appearance and use
Show a WEAK evolutionary relationship (more distant common ancestor)

14. Comparative Anatomy Vestigial structures
A type of homologous structure
The “use” of the structure has changed so much it no longer has one.
Also show a STRONG evolutionary relationship (recent common ancestor)