1. Nouns & Pronouns 9 th Grade

2. The Noun  A noun is a word or word group that is used to name a person, a place, a thing, or an idea.

3. Common Nouns  A common noun names any one of a group of persons, places, things, or ideas and is not capitalized.

4. Proper Nouns  A Proper Noun names a particular person, place, thing, or idea and is capitalized.

5. Classifying Nouns  man  Germany  singer  Adam Sandler  scientist  mercy  street  San Antonio

6. Identifying Nouns  Businesses sometimes use gigantic objects to advertise their products.  A stand that sells fruit might look like an enormous orange, complete with doors and windows.  Many restaurants in San Antonio, Texas, use surveillance cameras.  An old hotel in New York was even built to look like an elephant.

7. Collective Nouns  A collective noun is a word that names a group.  People  audience, chorus, committee, crew, team  Animals  brood, flock, gaggle, herd  Things  assortment, batch, bundle, cluster

8. Collective Nouns  When the group is acting as a single unit, all together at the same time, the collective noun is SINGULAR.  When the group is acting individually, not as a single unit, the collective noun is PLURAL.

9. Identifying Collective Nouns State whether the sentences below are grammatically correct.  The football team is going to Laredo.  The jury has reached a verdict in the trial.  Maroon 5 is appearing in concert at the AT&T center.  The track team is competing in their events at this time.  The jury is debating among themselves about the evidence.  The Gym Class Heroes are appearing in concert at the AT&T center.

10. The Pronoun  A pronoun is a word that is used in place of one or more nouns or pronouns.  A personal pronoun refers to the one speaking (first person), the one spoken to (second person), or the one spoken about (third person).  First Person  I, me, my, mine, we, us, our, ours  Second Person  you, your, yours  Third Person  He, him, his, she, her, hers, it, its, they, them, their, theirs

11. The Pronoun

12.  Nominative case – is used for the subject and for the predicate nominative of a sentence  Possessive case – is used to show possession  Objective case – is used for the direct object, indirect object, and object of a preposition

13. The Pronoun  The predicate nominative follows a linking verb only (is, are, was, were, be, been, seems, etc.)  The direct object follows an action verb only (answers the question “what?” or “whom?” to the action verb)  The indirect object answers the questions “to whom?” or “for whom?” to the verb  The object of a preposition is the noun or pronoun that follows a preposition

14. The Pronoun  Examples:  The girl in the picture was she. = predicate nominative  The teacher gave him a different novel to read. = IO  The linebacker sacked him for a ten- yard loss. = DO  The quarterback placed the ball perfectly between him and the defender. = Object of the preposition

15. Reflexive & Intensive Pronouns  A reflexive pronoun refers to the subject of a sentence and functions as a complement or as an object of a preposition.  An intensive pronoun emphasizes its antecedent and has no grammatical function.

16. Reflexive & Intensive Pronouns  First Person  myself, ourselves  Second Person  yourself, yourselves  Third Person  himself, herself, itself, themselves

17. Identifying Reflexive & Intensive Pronouns  Michael drove Joe and myself to the game.  I asked Michael to drive Joe and myself to the game.  Nicholas treated himself to a snack.  Albert himself organized the fund-raiser.  Mary sewed the wedding gown for herself.  Mary sewed the wedding gown herself.

18. Demonstrative Pronouns  A demonstrative pronoun is used to point out a specific person, place, or thing.  this, that, these, those  That is John’s favorite store in St. Louis.  The tacos I made taste better than those.

19. Relative Pronouns  A relative pronoun introduces a dependent clause.  that, which, who, whom, whose  The ship that you saw is sailing to Greece.  Chris is my friend who is training for the Boston marathon.

20. Relative Pronouns  Helpful Hints  The relative pronoun should be placed immediately after the noun to which it refers.  The relative pronoun always introduces a dependent clause.  Who refers to people only  Which refers to things only  That refers to either people or things

21. Identifying Relative Pronouns  State whether the sentences below are grammatically correct.  The runner which was thrown out is the catcher.  We saw the new car that Matt just purchased.  Which might never have happened otherwise.  The coach replaced the player who was injured.

22. Who & Whom  Steps to Identify Who & Whom  Isolate the dependent clause from the main clause  Find the verb in the dependent (relative) clause  Replace “who/whom” with somebody  Substitute “he” or “they” with “who”  Substitute “him” or “them” with “whom” (remember the M’s stick together)

23. Who & Whom  Select the word in ( ) that makes these sentences grammatically correct.  1. The police questioned the man (who, whom) the witnesses identified.  2. Someone caught the pass, but I don’t know (who, whom) it was.  3. Gandhi was a man (who, whom) many people respected.  4. They are curious about (who, whom) you talked to last night.  5. She is the teacher (who, whom) I think will be your substitute.

24. Indefinite Pronouns  An indefinite pronoun refers to a person, place, thing, or idea that is not always specifically named.  Singular = each, either, neither, much, and words ending in –one or in –body (e.g., anyone, somebody)  Plural = both, few, several, many  S or P = all, any, none, and some

25. Indefinite Pronouns  Indefinite pronouns are singular when they answer the question “How much?”  Indefinite pronouns are plural when they answer the question “How many?”

26. Identifying Indefinite Pronouns  All of the trash was picked up.  “How much of the trash?” All of it.  None of the players remain.  “How many players?” None of them.  Some of the birds had already flown away.  “How many birds?” Some of them.  Are any of you going to the game next Friday?  “How many of you?”