1. Verbs and Complements pp. 61-64 and pp. 97-99 in Elements of Language, 4 th Course

2. Main Verbs and Helping Verbs A verb phrase consists of one main verb and possibly one or more helping verbs

3. Helping Verbs Sing to the tune of “London Bridges Falling Down” amhaveshall can arehaswill could behadshould being beendowould isdoesmay wasdidmight weremust

4. Note The word “not” and its contraction “n’t” are never part of a verb phrase. Instead they are adverbs telling “to what extent.”

5. Action Verbs An action verb expresses either physical or mental activity PhysicalMental bringponder saytrust shoutreview jumpevaluate breatheguess

6. Linking Verbs Linking verbs are a helping verb or verbs that appear by themselves (without an action verb). Linking verbs connect the subject to a word or group of words that identifies or describes the subject. Ex. Kelp is the scientific name for seaweed. Ex. Kelp has been a source of good source of iodine.

7. Commonly Used Linking Verbs beshall beshall have beenshould be beingwill bewill have beenwould be amhas beencan becould be ishave beenmay beshould have been washad beenmight bewould have been werearemust becould have been

8. Linking Verbs That Look Like Action Verbs: The Halfway Verbs appearfeellookseemsoundtaste becomegrowremainsmellstayturn The halfway verbs can be used as action as well as linking verbs. LinkingEmilia felt calm at the seashore ActionEmilia felt the waving strands of kelp. LinkingThe flowers smelled sweet. ActionEmilia smelled the flowers.

9. Subject Complement A subject complement is a word or group of word that follows a linking verb and that either renames or describes the subject. Rob seems worried. Lani is a soccer player. There are 2 types of subject complements: Predicate Nominatives and Predicate Adjectives

10. Predicate Nominatives A predicate nominative is a word or word group that follows a linking verb and renames the subject. Some caterpillars become butterflies. [Butterflies renames caterpillars] She is the next speaker.[Speaker renames She]

11. Predicate Adjective A predicate adjective is a word or group of words that follow a linking verb and describes the subject of the sentence. You look happy. [Happy describes the subject You] When she left, Norma appeared calm. [Calm describes the subject Norma] That commercial is so silly. [Silly describes the subject Commercial]