2. Biochemistry Lipids

3. Commonly known as fats. Includes oils, waxes, & steroids. Contain C,H,O (no 2:1 ratio) Hydrophobic (water fearing molecules) Main functions Long term storage of energy Insulation Protection Form membranes Hormones (steroids)

4. Types of Lipids Neutral fats/Triglycerides Fats, waxes and oils Phospholipids – Make cell membranes Steroids (Sterols) - serve as structural elements in cell membranes, vitamins, & as hormones.

5.  3 fatty acids and a glycerol molecule.  Waxes, oils and “fats”  Involved in long term energy storage, insulation and protection (cushioning to vital organs or protective layers – ex. wax on leaves of plants) Triglycerides “Fats”

6. Saturated vs Unsaturated Fat Saturated fat All three fatty acid chains contain the maximum number of hydrogen atoms (NO DOUBLE BONDS BETWEEN THE CARBON ATOMS) Mostly animal fats (Lard and Butter) Solid at room temperature Unsaturated fat At LEAST ONE fatty acid chain does not contain the maximum number of hydrogen atoms (HAS AT LEAST ONE DOUBLE BOND BETWEEN THE CARBON ATOMS) (Mono—only one double bond and poly—two or more double bonds) Mostly plant and fish fats Liquid at room temperature

8. Foods high in Fats Butter Processed meats like sausage and salami Avocado Nuts NOT ALL FATS ARE UNHEALTHY – UNSATURATED FATS IN OILS, FISH, NUTS AND VEGETABLES ARE VERY HEALTHY FOR YOU (Omega- 3 Fatty Acids) TRANS FATS ARE VERY UNHEALTHY!!!! Have been linked to cancer and heart disease.

9. Phospholipids Complex lipids which include a phosphate group Formation of cellular membranes

10. Steroids... Sterols consist of 4 carbon rings joined to one another. Chemical signals (Hormones) Structure (Cholesterol) Examples: sex hormones, cortisone, & cholesterol. Lipid structural models

11. Test for lipids Paper test Paper will become dark and “Waxy” in the presence of fat Sudan IV Test Red satin that turns fat red