1. Midterm Review

2. What invention made the discovery of cells possible, therefore, greatly contributing to the cell theory

3. Light Microscope

4. Who invented the compound microscope and looked at pond water?

5. Anton Leeuwenhoek

6. Who coined the term “cell”?

7. Robert Hooke

8. What was Rudolph Virchow’s contribution to the cell theory?

9. Cell come from pre-existing cells

10. Who discovered that animals were made of cells?

11. Theodor Schwann

12. Who discovered that plants were made of cells?

13. Matthias Schlieden

14. What are the 3 parts to the cell theory? 3pts

15. 1. All living things are made of cells 2. Cells are the basic unit of structure and function of living things. 3. Cells only come from preexisting cells.

16. The following describes what type of cell: – have no organelles, always unicellular. Ex-bacteria

17. Prokaryotic

18. The following describes what type of cell: – Have organelles including a nucleus to store genetic info., much larger than prokaryotes, unicellular & multicellular. Ex- all cells, but bacteria

19. Eukaryotic

20. Name 2 organelles that plant cells have that animal cells do not.

21. Chloroplasts Cell wall

22. Name 2 functions of the cell membrane.

23. Maintain homeostasis Controls what enters and exits the cell Support recognize foreign antigens (germs).

24. What organic molecules make up cell membranes?

25. Phospholipids proteins

26. What gives plasma membranes strength?

27. Cholesterol

28. True or False: Polar head attracts water and nonpolar tails repel water.

29. True

30. True or False: Diffusion is the movement of particles from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration

31. False

32. True or False: Facilitated diffusion is a form of active transport

33. False

34. Endocytosis, exocytosis, and “pump” proteins are all examples of what kind of transport?

35. active

36. Cells communicate using this kind of protein.

37. Receptor

38. What would a cell do in the following environments: Hypertonic Hypotonic Isotonic

39. Lysosomes to a body system.

40. Digestive system

41. What are cilia and flagella used for?

42. Movement

43. What does this measure?

44. Mass

45. What is the metric unit for length?

46. meter

47. An explanation for a broad range of observations, facts, and tested hypotheses is called a________________.

48. Theory

49. What is the term for a statement of fact meant to describe, in concise terms, an action? It is generally accepted to be true and universal.

50. Law

51. Name 3 characteristics of life. 3pts

52. Metabolism Homeostasis Growth and reproduction Evolution

53. Give an example of an abiotic factor and a biotic. 2pts

54. Abiotic: rock, water, pH Biotic: deer, humans, grass

55. What is the climax community in Virginia?

56. Hardwood forest (hickory and oak)

57. What is an example of a pioneer species?

58. Lichen (moss)

59. What biome do we live in?

60. Temperate forest

61. Give an example of the following: pts Heterotroph Autotroph

62. If rain seeps into the soil deeply enough it will become ______________.

63. Ground water

64. What geochemical process release carbon dioxide into the atmosphere and oceans?

65. Volcanoes

66. What organism drives the nitrogen cycle?

67. Bacteria

68. What type of succession would happen after a Volcanoe?

69. Primary

70. What type of succession would happen after a fallen tree?

71. Secondary

72. What is carrying capacity?

73. The largest number of individuals of a population that an ecosystem can support.

74. The symbiotic relationship between a bee and a flower is called what?

75. Mutualism

76. What is a symbiotic relationship in which one organism is harmed and the other is unaffected?

77. Commensalism

78. What is a catalyst?

79. And enzyme that speeds up a reaction

80. How do enzymes speed up reactions?

81. By lowering the activation energy

82. 1. The enzyme binds to a reactant in a chemical reaction called the ______________. 2. The part of the enzyme where the substrate binds is called the ______________.

83. Substrate, active site

84. What is the name of the model in the last question?

85. Lock and key

86. Name the 4 macromolecules.

87. Protein, lipid, nucleic acids, carbohydrates

88. Give an example of a nucleic acid.

89. DNA, RNA

90. What is the monomer of lipids

91. Fatty acids and glycerol

92. Is water polar or nonpolar

93. polar

94. What is it called when water molecules stick to other water molecules?

95. Cohesion

96. Why is it important that ice floats on water?

97. It prevents lakes and ocean from freezing solid.

98. Both lipids and carbohydrates are important in animal cells because both —

99. store energy

100. Write out the entire reaction for photosynthesis.

102. Write out the entire reaction for cellular respiration.

104. What organelle does photosynthesis take place in?

105. Chloroplast

106. What organelle does cellular respiration take place in?

107. Mitochondria

108. What are the 2 steps in photosynthesis?

109. Light independent reactions Light dependent reactions

110. What are the 3 steps in Cellular Respiration?

111. Glycolysis Krebs cycle Electron transport chain

112. What happens in glycolysis? And where does it occur? (2pts)

113. glucose is broken down to a smaller molecule called pyruvic acid (in cytoplasm)

114. How many ATP does Cellular Respiration produce?

115. 34-38

116. The passing of electrons along a series of molecules, releasing energy as they go, is known as a(n) --

117. Electron transport chain

118. How many ATP does fermentation produce?

119. 2