1. Chapter 12 Network Scheduling Techniques

2. Scheduling Techniques Gantt or bar charts Gantt or bar charts Milestone charts Milestone charts Line Balancing Line Balancing Networks Networks – Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT) – Arrow Diagram Method (ADM) also called the Critical Path Method (CPM) – Graphical Evaluation and Review Technique (GERT) – Precedence Diagram Method (PDM)

3. Scheduling Advantages Needed for planning Needed for planning Evaluate alternatives (what-if’s) Evaluate alternatives (what-if’s) Resource scheduling Resource scheduling Controlling Controlling

4. Bar (Gantt) Charts TASKS12345 4 MONTHS AFTER GO-AHEAD 3 2 1 5

5. Milestone Chart ACTIVITY TESTING ANALYSIS REPORT PRESENTATION TIME

6. Standard PERT Nomenclature 63 COMPLETE TESTINGCOMPLETE FINAL REPORT 3 WEEKS LEGEND EVENT ACTIVITY

7. Dependencies 7 26 18 31 7 18 31 26 BURST POINTSINK

8. Simplified PERT Network 1 9 3 4 2 876 5 LEGEND: (TIME = WEEKS) EVENT ACTIVITY CRITICAL PATH ACTIVITY

9. Dummy Activities A B C D DUMMY ACTIVITY PRECEDING ACTIVITY A - B - C B D A,B

10. NETWORK FOR HOUSE CONSTRUCTION 1234 6 7 8 1517 18 5 14 13 9 10 11 12 EXC & POUR FOOTINGS POUR FOUND. ERECT FRAME & ROOF LAY BRICKWORK INSTALL DRAINS POUR BASEMENT FLOOR INSTALL COOLING & HEATING INSTALL ROUGH ELECT. & PLUMB LAY STORM DRAINS FINISH ROOF FINISH GRADING POUR WALKS & LANDSCAPE FINISH FLOORS FINISH ELECTR. WORK FINISH CARPETING PAINT INSTALL KITCHEN EQUIP. INSTALL FIN. PLUMB INSTALL DRY WALL 16 INSTALL ROOF DRAINAGE LAY FLOORING

11. Slack Identification C (8,10) 2 (15,17) EARLIEST START TIME EARLIEST FINISH TIME LATEST FINISH TIME LATEST START TIME ACTIVITY TIME

12. Schedule Compression Elimination of some parts of the project Elimination of some parts of the project Addition of more resources Addition of more resources Substitution of less time-consuming components or activities Substitution of less time-consuming components or activities Parallelization of activities Parallelization of activities Shortening critical path activities Shortening critical path activities Shortening early activities Shortening early activities Shortening longest activities Shortening longest activities

13. Schedule Compression (Continued) Shortening easiest activities Shortening easiest activities Shortening activities that are least costly to speed up Shortening activities that are least costly to speed up Shortening activities for which you have more resources Shortening activities for which you have more resources Increasing the number of work hours per day Increasing the number of work hours per day

14. Resource Leveling Resource leveling is an attempt to eliminate the manpower peaks and valleys by smoothing out the period-to- period resource requirements. The ideal situation is to do this without changing the end date. However, in reality, the end date moves out and additional costs are incurred. Resource leveling is an attempt to eliminate the manpower peaks and valleys by smoothing out the period-to- period resource requirements. The ideal situation is to do this without changing the end date. However, in reality, the end date moves out and additional costs are incurred.

15. Resource Allocation Resource allocation (or resource limited planning) is an attempt to find the shortest possible critical path based upon the available or fixed resources. The problem with this approach is that the employees may not be qualified technically to perform work on more than one activity in a network. Resource allocation (or resource limited planning) is an attempt to find the shortest possible critical path based upon the available or fixed resources. The problem with this approach is that the employees may not be qualified technically to perform work on more than one activity in a network.

16. Types Of Precedence Charts ACTIVITY 1 ACTIVITY 2 FINISH-TO-START START-TO-START FINISHSTART

17. Types Of Precedence Charts ACTIVITY 1 ACTIVITY 2 FINISH-TO-FINISH PERCENT COMPLETE FINISH 20 % 50 %