1. Design of fiber optical sensor for atmospheric electric field measurement H.V. Baghdasaryan, A.V. Daryan *, T.M. Knyazyan Fiber Optics Communication Laboratory, State Engineering University of Armenia,105 Terian str., Yerevan 0009, Armenia * A.Alikhanyan National Laboratory, Cosmic Ray Division, 2 Alikhanyan brothers str., Yerevan 0036, Armenia TEPA-2015, October 5-9, Byurakan, Armenia E-mail: hovik@seua.am

2. The atmospheric electric circuit An equivalent diagram of the atmospheric electric circuit Atmospheric Electric Circuit http://incompliancemag.com/article/charges-are-forever-2/ TEPA-2015, October 5-9, Byurakan, Armenia

3. Atmospheric Electric field detection TEPA-2015, October 5-9, Byurakan, Armenia

4. The atmospheric electric field When a storm is approaching discharges are distributed as shown in picture: the clouds base is strongly negative, so, given its closeness to the ground of 2-3 Km. It is forming an electric field of about 1000 V/m with a potential difference between clouds and ground of 2 – 3 millions Volts. In a clean sky day the atmosphere is home of a electric field with intensity of 100 V/m, produced of a superficial negative discharge. http://www.vlf.it/nrs/nrs.htm TEPA-2015, October 5-9, Byurakan, Armenia

5. Different antenna configurations for electric field measurements in the atmosphere http://a-tech.net/ElectricFieldMill/ (a) Disc antenna. (b) Whip antenna. (c) Whip antenna with radioactive probe. (d) Long wire antenna. TEPA-2015, October 5-9, Byurakan, Armenia

6. http://tikalon.com/blog/blog.php?article=2013/electric_Kelvin http://a-tech.net/ElectricFieldMill/ Electric field measurement by field mill TEPA-2015, October 5-9, Byurakan, Armenia

7. Probe influence on electric field distribution TEPA-2015, October 5-9, Byurakan, Armenia

8. Optical Fiber Electric Field Sensor for Antenna Measurement Hiroyoshi Togo†, Shoji Mochizuki, and Naoya Kukutsu NTT Technical Review 2004 Conventional antenna measurement systems TEPA-2015, October 5-9, Byurakan, Armenia

9. Electric field or discharge impulse can be precisely measured by the highly sensitive optical interference through Mach-Zehnder interferometer fabricated on a LiNbO3 electro-optical crystal substrate wafer. Application of electro-optic crystal as sensing element TEPA-2015, October 5-9, Byurakan, Armenia

10. Integrated Mach-Zehnder interferometer TEPA-2015, October 5-9, Byurakan, Armenia Periodic relation of transmitted power and voltage difference in a Mach--Zehnder modulator, with U π being the voltage difference between zero transmission and full power transmission. Lightwave, March 7, 2014.

11. Optical Fiber Electric Field Sensor for Antenna Measurement Hiroyoshi Togo†, Shoji Mochizuki, and Naoya Kukutsu NTT Technical Review 2004 New antenna measurement systems TEPA-2015, October 5-9, Byurakan, Armenia

12. Basic principle of electric-field measurement using Pockels effect. Optical Fiber Electric Field Sensor for Antenna Measurement Hiroyoshi Togo†, Shoji Mochizuki, and Naoya Kukutsu NTT Technical Review 2004 TEPA-2015, October 5-9, Byurakan, Armenia

13. S. M. Chandani, “Fiber-Based Probe for Electrooptic Sampling,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 18(12), 1290–1292 (2006). Fiber based full optical electric field sensor TEPA-2015, October 5-9, Byurakan, Armenia

14. Schematic of fiber-edge probe structure based on Fabry-Perot micro-resonator Block diagram of system configuration is shown. All the optical components are connected by optical fibers. S. Wakana, E. Yamazaki, S. Mitani, H. Park, M. Iwanami, S. Hoshino, M. Kishi, and M. Tsuchiya, “Fiber-Edge Electrooptic/Magnetooptic Probe for Spectral-Domain Analysis of Electromagnetic Field,” IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech. 48(12), 2611–2616 (2000). Fiber based full optical electric field sensor TEPA-2015, October 5-9, Byurakan, Armenia

15. Electro-optic sensing Gires-Tournois structure For LiNbO 3 At TEPA-2015, October 5-9, Byurakan, Armenia