1. Causes of the American Revolution

2. Mercantilism Description: Transfer of raw materials and manufactured goods between colonies and Mother country Cause: Mother country – England – would gain wealth Result: Salutary Neglect & Navigation Acts

4. Navigation Acts Description: Laws requiring colonists to trade only with England Cause: Mercantilism & triangular trade Result: resentment, more smuggling, problems with England

5. Proclamation of 1763 Description: colonists could not settle west of the Appalachian Mountains Cause: Pontiac’s Rebellion – Britain wants to stop colonists from fighting with the Natives Result: angers colonists who now have less land available. Soldiers are needed to enforce the law

7. Sugar Act Description: tax on molasses. Allowed officers to seize goods believed to be smuggled Cause: A tax on trade, Britain wants to discourage colonists from buying foreign goods and help pay war debts Result: creates resentment and colonists continue to smuggle

9. Currency Act Description: Outlawed the use of paper money Cause: each colony had different currency and the value of it varied too much Result: Colonists didn’t have much gold and silver. They were mad that their paper money wasn’t accepted

10. Quartering Act Description: Colonists had to pay to house & supply British soldiers Cause: Soldiers are needed to enforce the Proclamation of 1763 Result: Colonists resent paying for the soldiers’ upkeep and sometimes refuse to provide supplies

12. Stamp Act Description: A seal must be placed on legal documents, ads, newspapers, even playing cards Cause: Britain needed money to pay debts from the French and Indian War. This is a direct tax on the colonists Result: – Sons of Liberty are formed – Boycott on British goods – Stamp Act Congress: “no taxation without representation” – Attack on tax collectors

14. Repeal of the Stamp Act Description: Parliament withdraws the Stamp Act Cause: British merchants lose money due to colonist’s boycotts and complain to King George III Result: Parliament passes the Declaratory Act

16. Declaratory Act Description: Parliament still has power over the colonies Cause: Britain wanted to show they still have power over colonies despite the repeal of the Stamp Act Result: Colonists only cared about the repeal of the Stamp Act. They ignored this expression of English power

17. Townshend Acts Description: Tax on imported goods - - glass paper, paint, lead, and tea Cause: Britain needed money to pay salaries of officials in the colonies Result: – Governors must enforce tax laws to receive salaries – Writs of Assistance used – Colonial boycotts caused all taxes to be repealed except the tax on tea – Sam Adams organized the Committees of Correspondence

19. Boston Massacre Description: Colonial protestors gathered & threw snowballs and sticks at the Redcoats. 5 colonists were killed, including Crispus Attucks Cause: – Mob violence?? – Misunderstanding?? – Accident?? Result: Trial results – 6 soldiers acquitted: 2 had thumbs branded. Sons of Liberty use the event as propaganda to unite colonies

21. Tea Act Description: Tax on tea and can only be bought from the British East India Company Cause: British East India Co was failing and Parliament was helping it stay in business Result: – Boycott – Boston Tea Party: colonists dressed like Indians and threw 342 chests of tea overboard

23. Intolerable Acts Description: 1. Closed the port of Boston 2. banned town meetings 3. troops quartered again 4. British officials were tried in England (rarely found punished) Cause: punishment for the Boston Tea Party Result: – Embargo – Continental Congress meets & sends list of grievances – Militia trains – Other colonies aid Massachusetts

25. Quebec Act Description: Canada’s boundary was expanded into Ohio River Valley into land colonists wanted Cause: Part of the Coercive Acts Result: Angered colonists

27. Lexington & Concord Description: First battles of the Revolutionary War. Unsure who fired first at Lexington but British are eventually pushed back to Boston even though Patriots die. Cause: British soldiers were going to Lexington to arrest Patriot leaders, John Hancock and Sam Adams. At Concord, the British expect to capture militia supplies Result: – Minutemen are waiting due to warnings from Revere and Dawes. – First Battle of the Revolutionary War – “The shot heard round the world” - - affects whole world and other colonies will rebel