1. CHAPTER 18 Section 5: Creating a “New” Europe Objectives What were the specific provisions of the Treaty of Versailles? What issues emerged as the victors dealt with various nations and national minorities? What were the aims of the League of Nations? World War I and the Russian Revolution

2. SECTION 5 Bell Ringer 18.5: How was the League of Nations structured, and what was its relationship to the World Court? Creating a “New” Europe

3. SECTION 5 Creating a “New” Europe League of Nations ______________________ Permanent Members Rotating Members ___________ WORLD COURT Bell Ringer 18.5: How was the League of Nations structured, and what was its relationship to the World Court?

4. SECTION 5 Creating a “New” Europe Treaty of Versailles German Republic representatives sign the treaty at the Palace of Versailles – May 1919

5. SECTION 5 Creating a “New” Europe Made Germany admit it was guilty of starting the war … and must alone pay reparations (+ the treaty did not even state HOW MUCH Germany had to pay …)

6. SECTION 5 Creating a “New” Europe Germany lost Alsace- Lorraine to France … Allied troops would occupy the Rhineland.

7. SECTION 5 Creating a “New” Europe Germany lost large chunks of territory …

8. SECTION 5 Creating a “New” Europe Military Clauses … abolish their military draft … army of just 100,000 men … no heavy artillery, tanks, or planes … a couple of warships – NO submarines Ensure that Germany will not be able to start a war.

9. SECTION 5 Creating a “New” Europe

10. SECTION 5 Creating a “New” Europe Austria - The Treaty of St Germain 10th Sept 1919 Land - Austria lost land to Italy, Czechoslovakia and Serbia (Yugoslavia). Army - To be reduced to 30,000 men. Anschluss - Union with Germany was forbidden. Reparations - Austria was to pay reparations but went bankrupt before the rate could be set. Hungary - The Treaty of Trianon 4th June 1920 Bulgaria - The Treaty of Neuilly 27th Nov 1919 Turkey - The Treaty of Sevres 20th August 1920

11. SECTION 5 Creating a “New” Europe

12. SECTION 5 Creating a “New” Europe Trouble …. Often new boundaries did not match natural ethnic divisions.

13. SECTION 5 Creating a “New” Europe Many minorities had been oppressed during the Great War.

14. SECTION 5 Creating a “New” Europe The Ottoman Empire paid a high price for being on the losing side.

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16. SECTION 5 Creating a “New” Europe League of Nations Two main aims: –To promote international cooperation –To keep peace among nations by settling disputes and reducing armaments

17. SECTION 5 Creating a “New” Europe League of Nations The Assembly –Each nation = ONE vote The Council – main peacekeeping body –GB, Fr, Italy, Japan & US + four rotating members The Secretariat – conducted the official work of the League World Court in The Hague, Netherlands

18. SECTION 5 Creating a “New” Europe Mandates … provided a way to deal with the overseas colonies of defeated powers UNTIL the people of the colony were READY for independence.

19. Political Cartoon Creating a “New” Europe

20. Political Cartoon Creating a “New” Europe

21. SECTION 5 Creating a “New” Europe Exhausted from his vigorous efforts toward ratification of the Versailles Treaty, traveling 8,000 miles by rail around the country, President Wilson fell ill and would never fully recover. He was unable to travel to Norway to accept the 1919 Nobel Peace Prize.

22. SECTION 5 Creating a “New” Europe

23. SECTION 5 Creating a “New” Europe Close your books! Quick Quiz on Ch 18.4 & 5! You may use your notes!