1. Reading Strategy Understanding Text Organization

2. to look for? What

3. Text Structure DescriptionSignal Words ComparisonTwo or more events, concepts, objects or places are compared, showing how they are alike and/or different but however nevertheless in contrast different from unlike similarly the same like

4. Comparison – Cold & Flu Differences Similarities Cold Flu runny nose & sneezing headache sore throat a cough aching muscles usually last about a week a high fever a dry cough much worse aching last for longer – at least two weeks can be a deadly disease caused by viruses a more serious illness

5. Text Structure DescriptionSignal Words SequenceItems or events are listed in numerical or chronological order. first second later next then finally dates after when

6. Sequence Event 1 Event 2Event 3 Event 4Event 5 Appendix 3

7. Text Structure DescriptionSignal Words DescriptionA topic is described by listing characteristics, features, attributes, and examples. for example for instance such as is like in addition also including in particular

8. Description Appendix 2

9. Text Structure DescriptionSignal Words Cause and Effect The causes of an event and its resulting effect(s) are presented. if/then as a result therefore consequently since because hence thus this led to

10. Cause and Effect Appendix 5

11. Text Structure DescriptionSignal Words Problem and Solution A problem and one or more solutions to the problem are presented. problem is solution is if/then to solve the problem …

12. Problem and Solution Appendix 4

13. Search the Textbook With a partner, select from textbook. Skim the parts that are framed. Each type of organization 1. What kind of text structure can we locate in the text? 2. What signal words can we ask students to identify? 3. Which graphic organizer(s) can use to organize the provided information?

14. Comparison Differences Similarities Fish Sharks live in water fish can float Fish have skeletons made of hard bones Shark can ’ t float Sharks have skeletons made of hard cartilage Shark have several rows of teeth Some sharks attack humans Passage 1 Signal words: different from, but

15. Description Passage 2 Signal words: for example, also, such as

16. Comparison Similarities Halloween in the past Halloween today playing “ apple bobbing ” dressing up in scary costumes People made lanterns out of turnips People put out food for ghosts People walked around the streets nosily People played tricked on others People make lanterns out of pumpkins and sometimes watermelons People give sweets to children People play “ Trick or Treating ”. Signal words: the same as, still, but Passage 2

17. Sequence 1886: Coca-Cola was invented by Dr. John Pemberton 1888: Dr. John Pemberton told the business to Asa Griggs Candler 1903: Asa Candler took out the cocaine from the drink as it was a drug 1898: Asa Griggs Candler licensed the bottling of Coca- Cola. 1965: Coca- Cola was first made in Hong Kong Passage 3

18. Cause and Effect Passage 4 No obvious signal word! But the question gives the hint that the resulting effects of the problem will be followed by the question.

19. Problem and Solution Passage 1 No obvious signal word! But the question gives the hint that solutions to the problem will be followed by the question

20. Is it worth spending time doing this? Students … will be more familiar with different text structures. will gain a better understanding of how ideas are organized in different text structures. will be able to apply their knowledge to predict what they may read in the text. will become more independent readers. Resources consulted: http://www.educationoasis.com http://www.itrc.ucf.edu/forpd/about/

21. An important point to note Text connections should lead to text comprehension. Intervention is needed to prevent students from being distracted from the text Resources consulted: http://www.educationoasis.com http://www.itrc.ucf.edu/forpd/about/

22. Making Connections Cue Card better understand and digest what they read make sense of the text by using their prior knowledge