1. Matter and Its Properties

2. Physical Properties A characteristic that can be observed or measured without changing the sample’s composition. – 1. Extensive –dependent on the amount of a substance Examples: mass, length, volume, amount of energy in a substance – 2. Intensive – independent of the amount of substance present Examples: density, pressure, temperature, melting point, boiling point, ability to conduct electricity Is the example below extensive or intensive? Water boils at 100 degrees Celsius no matter how much water is in the container

3. Chemical Properties Relates to a substance’s ability to undergo changes that transform it into different substances. Example: The ability of charcoal (carbon) to burn in air. It combines with oxygen in the air to form a new substance, carbon dioxide gas.

4. Physical Change A change in a substance that does not involve a change in the identity of the substance Examples: grinding, cutting, melting, boiling

5. Chemical Change A change in which one or more substances are converted into different substances. Example: Charcoal combining with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide

6. Law of Conservation of Mass mass is neither created or destroyed in a chemical reaction but is conserved Mass (reactants) = Mass (products) 50 grams before = 50 grams after

7. matter and energy matter: anything that has mass and takes up space energy: ability to do work or cause change energy is used anytime a change in matter occurs

8. kinds of matter fundamental kinds of matter interact to form everything around us – elements – compounds – mixtures

9. elements substances that cannot be broken down into other substances chemically or physically examples – sodium – oxygen – carbon – aluminum

10. compounds substances made of two or more elements combined chemically compounds have properties different from those of the original elements examples – water: hydrogen and oxygen – salt: sodium and chlorine

11. mixtures combination of two or more substances that are not chemically combined examples – salad – frosted cake – kool-aid

12. Heterogeneous Mixture - Has visibly different parts (granite, chocolate chips, salad) 1.Suspension- a mixture whose particles settle out over time and can be separated from the mixture by filtration. 2.Colloid- a mixture in which the dispersed particles do not settle out. (examples: milk, fog, butter, ink)mixture

13. Homogeneous Mixtures Do not have visibly different parts ( seawater, air, Kool-Aid) - Also called a solution.

14. Separation of Mixtures a separation process is used to transform a mixture of substances into two or more distinct parts based on their properties. 1.Filtration 2.Distillation 3.Chromatography

15. Filtration The process used to separate a solid or suspension from a liquid.

16. Distillation The separation of a liquid mixture into its components on the basis of differences in boiling pointsliquidmixture

17. Chromatography the separation, especially of closely related compounds, by allowing a solution or mixture to seep through an adsorbent (such as clay, gel, or paper) so each compound becomes adsorbed into a separate, often colored, layer.solutionmixturecompoundlayer