1. The Age of Jackson The Rise of the “Common Man”

2. Who were “Common People”? Americans who were not rich, not well-educated, and not slaves Americans who were not rich, not well-educated, and not slaves Worked hard at small businesses, farms, or jobs Worked hard at small businesses, farms, or jobs Some lived in cities Some lived in cities Some owned small farms or lived on the frontier Some owned small farms or lived on the frontier

3. Which of the following would describe a common person? Hard worker Hard worker Has a job Has a job Owns no slaves Owns no slaves Owns a factory Owns a factory Expects to have a say in government Expects to have a say in government Has a very large house Has a family Wears fancy clothes Has little free time

4. States change election laws In 1800s many states changed their election laws allowing all white men to vote whether or not they owned property. In 1800s many states changed their election laws allowing all white men to vote whether or not they owned property. Women, blacks, and Indians were still not allowed to vote Women, blacks, and Indians were still not allowed to vote The “common man” wanted different kinds of laws than the educated rich men that had been running the country since 1789. The “common man” wanted different kinds of laws than the educated rich men that had been running the country since 1789.

5. Election of 1824 Andrew Jackson—frontiersman and military hero Andrew Jackson—frontiersman and military hero Henry Clay--Speaker of the House of Representatives—also from a frontier state Henry Clay--Speaker of the House of Representatives—also from a frontier state John Quincy Adams—Monroe’s Secretary of State—from the Northeast John Quincy Adams—Monroe’s Secretary of State—from the Northeast William Crawford—Secretary of Treasury— represented Southern planters William Crawford—Secretary of Treasury— represented Southern planters

6. Result: Pres. John Q. Adams Jackson received more elector votes than anyone else, but not a majority, so House of Representatives would vote for President Jackson received more elector votes than anyone else, but not a majority, so House of Representatives would vote for President Clay knew he didn’t have enough support to win, so he convinced rep. to vote for Adams, winning him the election Clay knew he didn’t have enough support to win, so he convinced rep. to vote for Adams, winning him the election Jackson and his supporters form Democratic Party—said to support the “common man” Jackson and his supporters form Democratic Party—said to support the “common man”

7. Election of 1828 Democrats new campaign strategy: Encouraged factory workers and farmers to register to vote Democrats new campaign strategy: Encouraged factory workers and farmers to register to vote Jackson gave newspaper interviews and went to political meetings Jackson gave newspaper interviews and went to political meetings People liked him because he was a frontier hero who didn’t back down from a fight—spoke the “language” of the common man (talked about things that concerned them, understood their point of view) People liked him because he was a frontier hero who didn’t back down from a fight—spoke the “language” of the common man (talked about things that concerned them, understood their point of view)

8. President John Q. Adams Was dignified man Was dignified man Didn’t understand new campaign strategies, thinking them undignified Didn’t understand new campaign strategies, thinking them undignified Didn’t make speeches or go to rallies Didn’t make speeches or go to rallies Lost the election Lost the election

9. Andrew Jackson (“Old Hickory”) Born in backwoods of South Carolina, orphaned at age 14, studied law and became successful lawyer and land speculator Born in backwoods of South Carolina, orphaned at age 14, studied law and became successful lawyer and land speculator Gained national attention as military leader (Battle of New Orleans/Florida) Gained national attention as military leader (Battle of New Orleans/Florida)

10. Helped write Tennessee’s constitution and became the state’s first representative to Washington. Owned a cotton plantation close to Nashville. People still tour his home, The Hermitage, there.

11. “King Andrew” Did not always go along with Congress, taking a strong leadership position as President Did not always go along with Congress, taking a strong leadership position as President His enemies referred to him as “King Andrew” as seen by this political cartoon. His enemies referred to him as “King Andrew” as seen by this political cartoon. He vetoed more bills than any other President in history He vetoed more bills than any other President in history http://www.isidore-of-seville.com/viewer/viewer.html?http://ap.grolier.com/article?assetid=0151440- 0&templatename=/article/article.htmlluxfiathttp://ap.grolier.com/images/cache/034/uh376.jpgluxfiat125luxfiat184

12. Tariff of 1828 Tariff—tax on imported goods Tariff—tax on imported goods High tariffs protect American industries from foreign competition High tariffs protect American industries from foreign competition South didn’t need a tariff to protect their main industry, cotton, because it wasn’t imported, so the result of the tariff for them was higher prices on goods imported from Europe South didn’t need a tariff to protect their main industry, cotton, because it wasn’t imported, so the result of the tariff for them was higher prices on goods imported from Europe South Carolina feared federal government’s power to pass a tariff that they didn’t want might translate into power to abolish slavery South Carolina feared federal government’s power to pass a tariff that they didn’t want might translate into power to abolish slavery

13. States Rights—idea that the states should have more rights or power than the federal government States Rights—idea that the states should have more rights or power than the federal government South Carolina passed a state law—the Nullification Act—to oppose tariff. They said that a state didn’t have to obey a federal law it didn’t like South Carolina passed a state law—the Nullification Act—to oppose tariff. They said that a state didn’t have to obey a federal law it didn’t like South Carolina politicians also talked about leaving the “Union” (United States) and becoming a separate country South Carolina politicians also talked about leaving the “Union” (United States) and becoming a separate country

14. Jackson’s Response “Our Union, it must be preserved.” “Our Union, it must be preserved.” Sent soldiers to fight an army raised by South Carolina Sent soldiers to fight an army raised by South Carolina Henry Clay led another compromise—to lower the tariff (charge lower tax on imported goods) Henry Clay led another compromise—to lower the tariff (charge lower tax on imported goods) Crisis was over for the time, but South Carolina still believed in states’ rights Crisis was over for the time, but South Carolina still believed in states’ rights

15. Jackson v. National Bank Banks helped the country grow by loaning money for growth of factories, people to buy new land for farms, and for states to build roads and canals Banks helped the country grow by loaning money for growth of factories, people to buy new land for farms, and for states to build roads and canals Bank of the United States housed government’s money and loaned money to smaller banks Bank of the United States housed government’s money and loaned money to smaller banks Problems with bank administration made it unpopular with common people Problems with bank administration made it unpopular with common people

16. http://loc.harpweek.com/LCPoliticalCartoons/IndexDisplayCartoonMedium.asp?SourceIndex=People&IndexText=Jackson%2C+Andrew &UniqueID=10&Year=1836

17. Jackson refused to sign a bill to renew the bank’s charter Jackson refused to sign a bill to renew the bank’s charter Took all of government’s money out of the Bank of the United States and put it in smaller “pet” banks Took all of government’s money out of the Bank of the United States and put it in smaller “pet” banks Tried to keep rich from controlling money, but in reality it allowed them to use government’s money unwisely Tried to keep rich from controlling money, but in reality it allowed them to use government’s money unwisely

18. Banks started printing their own paper money— more than they had “hard money” (gold or silver coins) to “cover” the paper money Banks started printing their own paper money— more than they had “hard money” (gold or silver coins) to “cover” the paper money Land speculators made money selling western land Land speculators made money selling western land Jackson tried to solve the problem by requiring that people purchasing western land pay only gold or silver, but banks didn’t have enough hard money—caused nation-wide problems. Jackson tried to solve the problem by requiring that people purchasing western land pay only gold or silver, but banks didn’t have enough hard money—caused nation-wide problems.

19. 1830 Indian Removal Act White people wanted to settle land in West, but many Native Americans still lived there. White people wanted to settle land in West, but many Native Americans still lived there. Act allowed government to force Indians to move west of Mississippi River Act allowed government to force Indians to move west of Mississippi River Cherokee of Georgia took their case to Supreme Court—John Marshall ruled in their favor, but Jackson didn’t like Indians and supported their removal anyway. Cherokee of Georgia took their case to Supreme Court—John Marshall ruled in their favor, but Jackson didn’t like Indians and supported their removal anyway. Trail of Tears—removal of Cherokee to Oklahoma Trail of Tears—removal of Cherokee to Oklahoma

20. Martin Van Buren Had been Jackson’s Vice President Had been Jackson’s Vice President Jackson followed Washington’s precedent of two terms, and helped get Van Buren elected in 1836 Jackson followed Washington’s precedent of two terms, and helped get Van Buren elected in 1836

21. Panic of 1837 Growth of country had encouraged banks to loan more money than they had—banks failed and the economy collapsed Growth of country had encouraged banks to loan more money than they had—banks failed and the economy collapsed Panic becomes a depression that lasted 6 years Panic becomes a depression that lasted 6 years Anti-Jackson people blame Democrats for depression—form Whig party Anti-Jackson people blame Democrats for depression—form Whig party Whig President William Henry Harrison elected after Van Buren in 1840 (John Tyler=V.P.) Whig President William Henry Harrison elected after Van Buren in 1840 (John Tyler=V.P.) Slogan-Tippecanoe and Tyler, too! Slogan-Tippecanoe and Tyler, too!