1. Geographic Landforms Pg. 26

2. Fjord ► A fjord (or fiord) is a narrow inlet of the sea between cliffs or steep slopes, which results from marine inundation of a glaciated valley. Typical characteristics of a fjord include: a narrow inlet, a bottom that is glacially eroded significantly below sea level, steep-sided walls which continue to descend below the water level (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fjord) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fjord Sognefjord in Norway

3. Horn ► A pyramidal peak, or sometimes in its most extreme form called a glacial horn, is a mountaintop that has been modified by the action of ice during glaciation and frost weathering. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glacial_horn) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glacial_horn The Matterhorn in the European Alps

4. Talus ► Talus, scree or detritic cone is a term given to broken rock that appears at the bottom of crags, mountain cliffs or valley shoulders ► http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scree http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scree Talus Slope, Colorado, USA.

5. Oxbow Lake ► An oxbow lake is a type of lake which is formed when a wide meander from a stream or a river is cut off to form a lake. They are called oxbow lakes due to the distinctive curved shape that results from this process. In Australia, an oxbow lake is called a billabong. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ox-bow_lake) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ox-bow_lake ► Oxbow Lake in Montana

6. Hoodoo ► Hoodoos are tall thin spires of rock that protrude from the bottom of arid basins and badlands. They are composed of soft sedimentary rock, and are topped by a piece of harder, less easily-eroded stone that protects the column from the elements http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoodoo_geology Drumheller, Alberta

7. Slope ► Slope landforms simply refer to forms created or modified on a slope where there is considerable relief. An example is an escarpment like the Niagara Escarpment. Rattlesnake Point in Milton, Ontario

8. Pingo ► A pingo is a mound of earth-covered ice found in the Arctic, subarctic, and Antarctica that can reach up to 70 metres in height and up to 2 kilometres in diameter. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pingo http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pingo Alaska/Yukon border

9. Drumlin ► A drumlin (Irish droimnín, a little hill ridge) is an elongated whale- shaped hill formed by glacial action. Its long axis is parallel with the movement of the ice, with the blunter end facing into the glacial movement. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drumlin http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drumlin Georges Island Halifax, NS

10. Stack ► A stack is a geological landform consisting of a steep and often vertical column or columns of rock in the sea near a coast. Stacks are formed when part of a headland is eroded, leaving a small island http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stack_%28geology%29 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stack_%28geology%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stack_%28geology%29 Flowerpot Island Lake Huron

11. Waterfall ► A waterfall is usually a geological formation resulting from water, often in the form of a stream, flowing over an erosion-resistant rock formation that forms a sudden break in elevation geological formationstreamerosiongeological formationstreamerosion http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waterfall American Falls, Bridal Veil Falls, Niagara Falls, USA

12. Sand Spit ► A spit is a deposition landform found off coasts. A spit is a type of bar or beach that develops where a re-entrant occurs, such as at a cove, bay, ria, or river mouth. Spits are formed by the movement of sediment (typically sand) along a shore by a process known as longshore drift. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spit_%28landform%29 depositionlandformcoastsbar beachbayriasandlongshore drift http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spit_%28landform%29depositionlandformcoastsbar beachbayriasandlongshore drift http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spit_%28landform%29 Southport Spit, Australia

13. Monteregian Hill ► The Monteregian mountain chain is a chain of mountains in Montreal and the Montérégie, between the Laurentians and the Appalachians. Montreal MontérégieLaurentiansAppalachiansMontreal MontérégieLaurentiansAppalachians http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monteregian_Hills Each mountain in the chain consists of igneous rock and associated hornfels, which are more resistant to weathering than the surrounding sedimentary rock igneousrockhornfelsweatheringsedimentaryigneousrockhornfelsweatheringsedimentary Mont Saint-Hilaire, Quebec

14. Erratic ► A boulder that has been transported some distance from its source by a glacier. If an erratic is made of different rock than the rock on which it lies, tracing it back to its source yields information on the direction of glacier movement. http://www.nps.gov/archive/yose/education/depth/geology/glossary/glossary.htm Point Lake, NWT