2. Robert E. Wolf Associate Professor - Extension Specialist Application Technology, Bio & Ag Engineering, Kansas State University Biological and Agricultural Engineering Agricultural Technology Field Day August 9, 2007 Chickasha, OK Sprayer Drift

3. August 5, 2008 Airport & Expo Grounds Great Bend, KS

4. www.bae.ksu.edu/faculty/wolf/ For more information contact: rewolf@ksu.edu

7. Improving Coverage?

8. Important Droplet Statistics: Operational Area

9. Relative Span RS = (Vd.9 – Vd.1)/VMD Vd.9 = 400, VMD = 300, Vd.1 = 100 Vd.9 = 625, VMD = 300, Vd.1 = 25

10. Calibration!!!! The next phase! Ensuring that the spray droplet spectrum is what it is supposed to be to maximize efficacy while minimizing drift!

13. Droplet Selection/Calibration:

15. Droplet Spectra Classification*

17. Greenleaf Droplet chart:

19. What is the ‘Real’ difference ? ……Medium droplet at 225 microns ……Coarse droplet at 300 microns How much heavier? Or is it??? 300 = 1.33 225 1.33 bigger 1.33 3 = 1.33 * 1.33 * 1.33 = 2.35 2.35 * 100 = 235% heavier

21. Nozzle Technology…… Nozzles designed to reduce drift Improved drop size control Emphasis on ‘Spray Quality’

23. Spray Characteristics are Important to Understand: Demonstrates Turbo Flat vs TurboDrop-5 MPH Wind

24. Nozzles Types?

25. Extended Range Flat-fan: Tapered edge pattern 80 and 110 degree fan Requires overlap - 50 to 60% 15-60 psi range

26. Chamber - Pre-orifice Nozzles: Pre-orifice Exit orifice l Turbulence chamber as in the Turbo Flood l Tapered edge, wide angle flat pattern l Designed to work in flat-fan nozzle holder l Uniform spray distribution, 50-60% overlap l Wide pressure range, 15 – 90 psi l Large, drift resistant droplets l Plastic with superior wear characteristics

27. Air-Induction/Venturi Nozzles Where air is drawn into the nozzle cavity and exits with the fluid.

28. Pre-orifice Air Induction Nozzles: Pre-orifice Air induction Exit orifice Mixing Chamber

30. Ultra Lo Drift: Double inlet preorifice Large drift resistant droplets Low profile

31. Driftable Droplets: Spraying Systems-2000 Nozzle Type (0.5 GPM Flow) Approximate % of Spray Volume < 200 Microns 15 PSI40 PSI XR 1100514%22% XR 80056%12% DG 11005N/A11% DG 8005N/A7% TT 11005<1%<6% TF-2.5<1% AI 11005N/A<1%

32. Wind Tunnel Drift Results: LSD = 12.7

33. Volume Median Diameter (VMD) 40 psi 40 psi 40 psi 70 psi % less than 210 Microns 37 51 36 35 45 23 30 14 15 2619 22 14 13 2210 17 29 15 Bob Klein, U of Nebraska

34. Desired Effect from Additives

35. Actual Effect from Additives

36. Next Generation Air Induction Nozzles: More compact Larger drops Operates at lower pressures Percentage of fines do not increase with pressure Turbo Injection - TTI

37. Next Generation Air Induction Nozzles: More consistent droplet All-in-one cap and screen Wide angle with 20 degree incline Aim forward or backword Guardian

38. New release in 2006: Dual outlet Superior leaf coverage Droplet range slightly larger that comparable TT flat-fan Turbo TwinJet

39. New release in 2007: XR outlet with venturi air aspirator design More compact than AI style 2-piece with removable pre- orifice AI XR TeeJet

42. VariTarget: Speed variations from 2-20 MPH Application rates of 5-40 GPA Variable area pre orifice Variable area spray orifice Optimize spray droplet size Maintain efficacy and minimize drift

43. www.spraytarget.com