1. Fly here to sample high O 3

2. CFORS/STEM Model Data Flow Chart Meteorological Outputs from RAMS or MM5 Meteorological Preprocessor CFORS Forecast Model with on-line TUV Normal meteorological variables: wind velocities, temperature, pressure, water vapor content, cloud water content, rain water content and PV et al Dust and Sea Salt emissions Emission Preprocessor Biomass Emissions Volcanic SO 2 Emissions Anthropogenic Area Emissions Biogenic Emissions Large Point Sources Satellite Observed total O 3 (Dobson Unit) Post Analysis

3. CFORS/STEM Model Data Flow Chart Meteorological Outputs from RAMS or MM5 Meteorological Preprocessor CFORS Forecast Model with on-line TUV Normal meteorological variables: wind velocities, temperature, pressure, water vapor content, cloud water content, rain water content and PV et al Dust and Sea Salt emissions Emission Preprocessor Biomass Emissions Volcanic SO 2 Emissions Anthropogenic Area Emissions Biogenic Emissions Large Point Sources Satellite Observed total O 3 (Dobson Unit) Post Analysis Tracers/Markers: SO2/SulfateDMS BCOC VolcanicMegacities CO fossilCO-Biomass EthaneEthene Sea SaltRadon Lightning NOx Dust 12 size bins

4. Friday’s Forecast Megacities Total aerosol

6. Propane data from Blake et al.

7. Frontal outflow of biomass burning plumes E of Hong Kong Observed CO (G.W. Sachse, NASA/LaRC) Observed aerosol potassium (R. Weber, Georgia Tech) Biomass burning CO forecast (G.R. Carmichael, U. Iowa)

8. Wind SpeedWind Direction

9. H 2 O Vapor

10. Measured and Modeled Ethane (Blake et al.) as a Function of Latitude DC8 & P3 Flights

11. The catalog of analysis tool. (Over view) NetCDF (STEM / RAMS output) Merged data set (from Tang) Trajectory Program Trajectory Files Perl script GrADS Gnuplot GMT scatter plot. comparison plot. On flight path plot. Perl script GrADS, GMT Gnuplot Airmass origin categorize. Regional Ratio calculation. Colored back-trajectories. Perl script GrADS Flux plot. Monthly average Perl script GMT Chemical history on Back trajectory. Box model analysis.

12. CO under-prediction under 1000m for TRACE-P How to increase these model value ?

13. Back Trajectories from High CO point. --- CO > 700 --- CO > 600 --- CO > 500 --- CO > 450 --- CO > 400

14. Back Trajectories from High CO point (Zoom & CO > 500 ppbv) --- CO > 700 --- CO > 600 --- CO > 500

15. 16km-resolution forecasted SO 2 (ppbv) at 1km layer at 3GMT, 04/11/2001 80km-resolution forecasted SO 2 (ppbv) at 1km layer at 3GMT, 04/11/2001 Effect of Model Resolution

16. Data from Clarke et al.

17.  1000 ppbv of CO, 10 ppbv of HCHO, 100 ppbv of O 3 Shanghai  Fresh plumes out of Shanghai, < 0.5 day in age % Urban HCHO Flight Path Back Traj. Characterization of Urban Pollution Flight DC8-13 : 03/21/2001

18. Color code indicates plume age in days from that city 984 out of 2238 No. of Points Characterization of Urban Pollution Back Trajectory Analysis

19. Analysis of Data by City for Ages<1day QuindaoPusan SO2/CO (O)0.0180.013 “ (M)0.0150.013 NOy/SO2 (O)0.361.20 “ (M)0.611.93 C2H6/C2H2 (O)1.741.73 “ (M)2.462.44 C2H2/CO (O)0.00430.005 “ (M)0.0060.007

20. VGEO-Langley

22. The CFORS forecast (upper left) of the two dust systems are shown above. The dust plume (pink) represents the region with dust concentrations greater than 200  grams/m 3. White indicates clouds. The SeaWifs satellite image (upper right) also clearly shows the accumulation of dust spiraling into the Low Pressure center. Also note the strong outflow of dust in the warm sector “ahead” of the front over the Japan Sea. The two systems are clearly seen in the satellite derived TOMS-AI (aerosol index) (lower right). The dust event is clearly seen in the China SEPA air pollution monitoring network. Lower left hand panel shows extremely large ground level concentrations (http://www.ess.uci.edu/~oliver/tracep/airqual/index.html). The sandstorm and sand-drifting weather, which swept across most parts of China caused severe visibility and air quality problems http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/20010409/395181.htm NASA-Seawifs

24. 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Dust (  g/m 3 ) 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 64206420 Sulfate (  g/m 3 ) Black Carbon (  g/m 3 ) 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 64206420 64206420

25. April 9 April 12

26. Surface reflection Ice cloud Water cloud EP/TOMS Total Ozone (Dobson) Dust Black Carbon Organic Carbon Sulfate Other PM2.5 and Other PM10 Sea Salt absorption by gas-phase species O 3, SO 2 and NO 2 Inputted from STEM 3-D field STEM TOP 15km O 3 (Dobson) below STEM top height TUV TOP 80km Overtop O 3 = STEM on-line TUV overview Output: 30 kinds of J-values for SAPRC99 mechanism

27. J’s OH & HO2 J OH HO2 Photolysis data: Shetter (NCAR) OH/HO2: Brune (Penn St.) and Contrell (NCAR)

28. Simulations for Sensitivity Study  NORMAL: standard STEM simulation. Aerosol and cloud optical properties are explicitly considered  NOAOD: STEM simulation without aerosol optical properties, but with cloud impacts.  CLEARSKY: STEM simulation without aerosol or cloud optical properties. J[O 3  O 1 D+O2]J[NO 2  O 3 P+NO] For TRACE-P all DC-8 and P-3 Flights: Data from Shetter et al.

29. Cloud and Aerosol Impacts on Photolysis Rates for All TRACE-P Flights Aerosol Impacts = NORMAL – NOAOD Cloud Impacts = NOAOD – CLEARSKY Aerosol Extinction J[NO 2 ] J[O 1 D]

30. Cloud and Aerosol Impacts on Chemical Species via Photolysis Rates for All TRACE-P Flights OH HCHO O3O3 NO x Ethane PAN

31. Influence on NOx below 1km via Photolysis Rates: March Daytime Average

32. Cloud and Aerosol Impacts on Chemical Species via Photolysis Rates for All TRACE-P Flights OH HCHO O3O3 NO x Ethane PAN Heterogeneous chemistry plays an additional role….

33. Observed and calculated O3 on C- 130 flight 6 (April11): Red line w/o heter. Chem; light blue with.

34. IGAC ITCT Y2K Experiment

35. Integration of Measurements and Models

36. U. Iowa/Kyushu/Argonne/GFDL