1. Nuclear Safety & Nuclear Security Synergy By Dr. Lucian BIRO Director General ROMANIA National Commission for Nuclear Activities Control International Conference on Effective Nuclear Regulatory Systems: Further Enhancing the Global Nuclear Safety and Security Regime 14–18 December2009 CAPE TOWN, SOUTH AFRICA CN-177/36

2. 2 Content Cernavoda NPP; Nuclear Safety & Security Vulnerabilities; Nuclear & Radiological Security Related Actions Plans; Example of Actions Plan - RRRFR Project for Romania; Conclusions

3. 3 Cernavoda NPP

4. 4 Cernavoda NPP Site (1) Construction started in 1980 with 5 units; U1 - Full Power: December 1996; U2 - Full Power: September 2007; U3 - Full Power: 2014; U4 - Full Power: 2015; U5 - Decision not taken yet, regarding the project completion.

5. 5 Cernavoda NPP Site (2)

6. 6 CNPP #1 Power Evolution in 2008

7. 7 CNPP #2 Power Evolution in 2008

8. 8 Nuclear Safety & Security Vulnerabilities

9. 9 Lack of procedures Inefficient procedures Lack of Facilities Personnel Training Lack of communications between authorities Lack of coherent strategy Gaps in Legal Framework Inadequate Equipment Nuclear Safety & Nuclear Security Common Vulnerabilities

10. 10 Lack of procedures Inefficient procedures Inefficient Physical Protection Systems Lack of Facilities Personnel Training Radioactive Sources Lost or Theft Inefficient Transportation Physical Protection Lack of communications between authorities Nuclear Security Vulnerabilities (1)

11. 11 Lack of coherent strategy Gaps in Legal Framework Inadequate Equipment No specialized response units Permissive Border Control No background history of radioactive sources No security culture Nuclear Security Vulnerabilities (2)

12. 12 Cernavoda NPP have comprehensive measures for safety and security; Comprehensive emergency and security plans; Robust containment, spent fuel pools, and spent fuel storage containers; Redundant and diverse plant safety systems; Trained plant staff, skilled in accident and event response; Well-trained, well-armed security forces. Cernavoda NPP Safety & Security Characteristics

13. 13 Reactor Building Bio Shield Calandria Vessel Reactor Fuel CANDU-6 Multiple Layers Protection

14. 14 Nuclear Safety & Nuclear Security Related Actions Plans

15. 15  Actions Plan to Increase Capability and Independence of Nuclear Regulatory Authority  Actions Plan to Accelerate the Reviewing Process of the National Legislative Framework  Actions Plan for the Investigations of the Potential Sites with Orphans Radioactive Sources and to Set-up Corrective Measures Actions Plans (1)

16. 16  Actions Plan to Improve the Nuclear & Radiological Security Related Systems Technical Features and Administrative Procedures  Actions Plan for the Nuclear & Radiological Security In- field Early Detection  Actions Plan for the Institutional Cooperation Development  Actions Plan to Increase the Bilateral and Multilateral International Cooperation Actions Plans (2)

17. 17 No accidents at nuclear installations; No acute exposure to ionising radiation; No radioactive release in exceed of the prescribed limits; No adverse effects on environment; No unauthorised or hostile use of radioactive materials; Improved safety performance; Effective emergency preparedness; Expected strategic results (1)

18. 18 Strengthening of the attributions and control responsibilities of CNCAN in the nuclear field; Increasing of the staffing number and competence, building up in-house expertise in more areas; Amplification of national and international cooperation; Modern and comprehensive regulatory framework; Transparent licensing process; Increased public confidence. Expected strategic results (2)

19. 19 Example of Action Plan - RRRFR Project for Romania -

20. 20 Partners

21. 21 Loading of SNF in TUK-19 Casks

22. 22 Freight Container

23. 23 Transfer Cask

24. 24 Physical Protection

25. 25 The Trucks

26. 26 Loading the aircraft

27. 27 Loading the aircraft

28. 28 Loading the aircraft

29. The Aircraft

30. 30 Conclusions

31. 31  An integrated approach for nuclear safety and nuclear security related actions is considered in Romania;  The actions taken by the Nuclear Safety Authority of Romania (CNCAN) covered all relevant aspects regarding nuclear safety and nuclear security;  The synergy between nuclear safety and security is considered by CNCAN for Nuclear Facilities Vital Areas definition and also for inside protective measures; Conclusions

32. 32 Thank you!