2. Bellringer: 10/22 and 10/23  Using your notes from last class, name as many advancements of the Mauryan and Gupta Empires in classical India as possible.  Talk with your neighbors quietly about your answers.

3. Table of Contents Update:  Page 38: Classical China Notes  Page 39: Unit 3 Study Guide

4. Agenda: 10/22 and 10/23  1. Bellringer  2. Notes: Classical China  3. Study Guide Review (Block 3)  4. Squares Game (Blocks 5 & 8)

5. Classical China: Qin, Han Dynasties and Chinese Philosophies Ms. Allen 2015-16 Pre-AP WHI

6. 1. The dynastic cycle and the Mandate of Heaven 1. New family establishes dynasty (new institutions, economy) 2.Dynasty grows weak 3.Internal rebellions and/or external rebellions 4. New dynasty emerges

7. Mandate of Heaven  Belief that the gods transfer power to a certain family meant to establish a dynasty and rule the region  How is the mandate lost?  Emperors were Sons of Heaven

8. Timeline of Classical China  Shang: 1766 - 1122 BCE  Zhou: 1029 - 258 BCE  Era of Warring States: 402 BCE - 201 BCE  Qin: 221 - 202 BCE  Han: 202 BCE - 220 CE

9. Timeline of Classical China  Shang: 1766 - 1122 BCE  Zhou: 1029 - 258 BCE  Era of Warring States: 402 BCE - 201 BCE  Qin: 221 - 202 BCE  Han: 202 BCE - 220 CE

10. 2. Period of Warring States  402 BCE - 201 BCE  Competing interests of landowning class and ruling class cause political turmoil  Landowners raise own military - origins of regional warlords  No political unity - China is exceptionally weak  Cultural innovations survive  Results in new philosophies

11. 3. Qin Dynasty: Main Ideas  Emerges out of Period of Warring States  Promotes Legalism  Great Wall  Founder: Shi Huangdi (“First Emperor”)  Goals:  Unify and expand China  Restore order

12. 9. Han Dynasty: Main Ideas  One of the golden ages of Chinese civilization  Promotes tradition (ancestor worship, respecting elders)  Many advancements made in technology and innovation  Confucianism over Legalism

13. Dynasties in China Qin Dynasty

14. 4. Qin:Geography

15. 4. Qin: Religion  Remains polytheistic  Religion = less important under Qin than Han  Reduces influence of ancestor worship

16. Qin : Achievements/Culture  Confucianism looked down upon and followers persecuted  Legalism promoted  Architectural: Initiates construction of Great Wall; Terracotta Soldiers /Tomb of Shi Huangdi  Uniform written language  Banned books  Way to consolidate power

17. 5. Qin: Political  Emperor had complete control over all aspects of society  Civil service exams, not social class, determine your job in the government  Bureaucratic gov’t  Power of nobles reduced  Expansion-minded  Army crush rivals and regional rebellions  Took land in Hong Kong, Vietnam

18. 8. Qin: Economics  Introduced standard weights and measures  Eliminated the very rare practice of slavery  Forced labor necessary for construction projects  Extremely high taxes  Sponsored agricultural projects (irrigation) and manufacturing of silk

19. 4. Qin: Social  Primogeniture eliminated (practice of having eldest son inherit all property and land)  Less emphasis placed on social class under Qin dynasty  Nobles must live in Emperor’s court  Not allowed to live on ancestral, inherited land  “Keep your friends close and your enemies closer”

20. Why did the Qin Dynasty fall?  Shi Huangdi  Extremely paranoid; killed off suspected enemies (nobles, intellectuals, warlords)  Desire to control EVERYTHING  High taxes, forced labor = people   Shi Huangdi dies in 210 BCE; followed by 8 years of peasant revolts to determine successor - winner establishes Han Dynasty

21. Dynasties in China Han Dynasty

22. 4. Han: Geography

23. 10. Han: Religion  Emphasized ancestor worship, traditional religion  Polytheistic

24. 13. Han: Achievements  Emphasis on filial piety (respecting one’s elders, family)  Direct trade with Rome  Massive achievements in science, technology, medicine, and arts  Inventions include paper, plows, harness/collar, pulleys, wheelbarrow

25. 11. Han: Political  Centralized government  Expanded territory (into Korea, Indochina, parts of Central Asia)  Bureaucratic structure linked to Confucianism  More emphasis on social standing than in Qin dynasty  Civil service exams + social standing = your civil service position in the government

26. 14. Han: Economics  Trade and agriculture dominated the Han economy  Using coins made of copper as currency  Trade along the Silk Road strengthened  Nationalization of salt, iron industries  Growth in national and local businesses and industries

27. 10. Han: Social  Social stratification exists  Landed gentry (nobles), educated bureaucrats, skilled workers, farmers, peasants  More social mobility than in India  Poor people = could move up by passing civil service exam – not easy to do though  Patriarchal society  Brings back primogeniture (everything goes through the first-born son)

28. Rise of Chinese Philosophies  Confucianism  Daoism/Taoism  Legalism

29. Confucianism  Five Basic Relationships in Society  Ruler/Subject  Father/Son  Husband/Wife  Older Brother/Younger Brother  Friend/Friend  Chinese gentleman - education and moral standards; birth status not important  Bureaucracy - those who help run government  Courteous, precise, generous, just/fair

30. Confucianism  Founder: Confucius (K’ung Fu Tzu)  Lives during Period of Warring States  Scholar - history, music, ethics  Main Writing: The Analects  Promoted by followers - Mencius

31. Daoism/Taoism  Founded by Lao Tze (604-531 BCE)  Main Writing: Tao-te-Ching ( The Way of Virtue)  Human actions are not important  Search for knowledge and understanding of nature  Most important part of society is natural order of things (natural forces, yin/yang)  The Tao (The Way) – guides all things

32. Legalism  Practical, political reaction to Confucianism  Founder: Han Feizi - 3rd century BCE  Main idea: Powerful and efficient government is key to restoring order  Laws will end civil war and restore harmony  Rewards to good subjects and punish disobedient  Rulers must control ideas and actions of people  Favored by Shi Huangdi during Qin dyansty