1. Education and Employment of Biological and Medical Scientists 2015 Data from National Surveys Howard H. Garrison and Elisabeth Campbell FASEB Office of Public Affairs

2. Contents (1 of 7)  Graduate School Applications  Graduate School Applications in Biological and Health Sciences [Slide 10] Graduate School Applications in Biological and Health Sciences [Slide 10]  Graduate Records Examination (GRE) Scores  Mean Quantitative Scores of US Citizens and Permanent Residents Intending to Enroll in Biological and Health Sciences [Slide 12] Mean Quantitative Scores of US Citizens and Permanent Residents Intending to Enroll in Biological and Health Sciences [Slide 12]  Graduate School Enrollment  First Time, Full Time Biological and Medical Sciences Graduate Students in Doctorate Granting Departments by Citizenship/Visa Status [Slide 14] First Time, Full Time Biological and Medical Sciences Graduate Students in Doctorate Granting Departments by Citizenship/Visa Status [Slide 14]  First Time, Full Time Biological and Medical Sciences Grad Students in Doctorate Granting Departments by Ethnicity (US Citizens and Permanent Residents Only) [Slide 15] First Time, Full Time Biological and Medical Sciences Grad Students in Doctorate Granting Departments by Ethnicity (US Citizens and Permanent Residents Only) [Slide 15] 2

3. Contents (2 of 7)  Graduate School Enrollment (continued)  Total Biological and Medical Sciences Graduate Students in Doctorate Granting Departments by Citizenship/Visa Status [Slide 16] Total Biological and Medical Sciences Graduate Students in Doctorate Granting Departments by Citizenship/Visa Status [Slide 16] − US Citizens & Permanent Residents Only [Slide 17] US Citizens & Permanent Residents Only [Slide 17] − Temporary Residents Only [Slide 18] Temporary Residents Only [Slide 18]  Total Biological and Medical Sciences Graduate Students in Doctorate Granting Departments by Ethnicity (US Citizens and Permanent Residents Only) [Slide 19] Total Biological and Medical Sciences Graduate Students in Doctorate Granting Departments by Ethnicity (US Citizens and Permanent Residents Only) [Slide 19]  Total Biological and Medical Sciences Graduate Students in Doctorate Granting Departments by Sex [Slide 20] Total Biological and Medical Sciences Graduate Students in Doctorate Granting Departments by Sex [Slide 20]  Full Time Biological and Medical Sciences Graduate Students in Doctorate Granting Departments by Mechanism of Support [Slide 21] Full Time Biological and Medical Sciences Graduate Students in Doctorate Granting Departments by Mechanism of Support [Slide 21] 3

4. Contents (3 of 7)  NIH Trainees and Fellows  Pre-Doctoral and Post-Doctoral Positions on NIH Training Grants and Fellowships [Slide 23] Pre-Doctoral and Post-Doctoral Positions on NIH Training Grants and Fellowships [Slide 23]  Fellowship (F32) Applications and Awards [Slide 24] Fellowship (F32) Applications and Awards [Slide 24]  NIH Spending on Training Grants and Fellowships [Slide 25] NIH Spending on Training Grants and Fellowships [Slide 25]  Doctorate Awards  Doctorate Degrees Awarded in the Biological and Medical Sciences by Citizenship/Visa Status [Slide 27] Doctorate Degrees Awarded in the Biological and Medical Sciences by Citizenship/Visa Status [Slide 27]  Doctorate Degrees Awarded in the Biological and Medical Sciences by Ethnicity (US Citizens and Permanent Residents Only) [Slide 28] Doctorate Degrees Awarded in the Biological and Medical Sciences by Ethnicity (US Citizens and Permanent Residents Only) [Slide 28]  Doctorate Degrees Awarded in the Biological and Medical Sciences by Sex [Slide 29] Doctorate Degrees Awarded in the Biological and Medical Sciences by Sex [Slide 29] 4

5. Contents (4 of 7)  Academic Postdoctoral Appointments  Biological and Medical Sciences Postdocs by Citizenship/ Visa Status [Slide 31] Biological and Medical Sciences Postdocs by Citizenship/ Visa Status [Slide 31]  Biological and Medical Sciences Postdocs by Degree and Citizenship/ Visa Status [Slide 32] Biological and Medical Sciences Postdocs by Degree and Citizenship/ Visa Status [Slide 32] − US Postdocs with MD or PhD [Slide 33] US Postdocs with MD or PhD [Slide 33] − Temporary Resident Postdocs with MD or PhD [Slide 34] Temporary Resident Postdocs with MD or PhD [Slide 34]  Biological and Medical Sciences Postdocs by Sex and Citizenship/ Visa Status [Slide 35] Biological and Medical Sciences Postdocs by Sex and Citizenship/ Visa Status [Slide 35]  Biological and Medical Sciences Postdocs by Source of Support Slide 36] Biological and Medical Sciences Postdocs by Source of Support Slide 36] 5

6. Contents (5 of 7)  Postdoctoral Appointments for Individuals with PhDs from US Institutions  Percent of US Biomedical PhDs with Postdoc 1-2 Years Post- PhD [Slide 38] Percent of US Biomedical PhDs with Postdoc 1-2 Years Post- PhD [Slide 38]  Percent of US Biomedical PhDs with Postdoc 3-4 Years Post- PhD [Slide 39] Percent of US Biomedical PhDs with Postdoc 3-4 Years Post- PhD [Slide 39]  Percent of US Biomedical PhDs with Academic Postdoc 1-2 Years Post-PhD [Slide 40] Percent of US Biomedical PhDs with Academic Postdoc 1-2 Years Post-PhD [Slide 40]  Percent of US Biomedical PhDs with Academic Postdoc 3-4 Years Post-PhD [Slide 41] Percent of US Biomedical PhDs with Academic Postdoc 3-4 Years Post-PhD [Slide 41]  Stay Rates of Foreign Doctorate Recipients from US Universities  Stay Rates for Temporary Residents with Life Science Doctorates [Slide 43] Stay Rates for Temporary Residents with Life Science Doctorates [Slide 43] 6

7. Contents (6 of 7)  Employment Status of Individuals with PhDs from US Institutions  Employment of Biomedical Science PhDs by Sector of Employment [Slide 45] Employment of Biomedical Science PhDs by Sector of Employment [Slide 45]  Distribution of Biomedical Science PhDs by Sector of Employment [Slide 46] Distribution of Biomedical Science PhDs by Sector of Employment [Slide 46]  Academically Employed Biomedical PhDs by Tenure Status [Slide 47] Academically Employed Biomedical PhDs by Tenure Status [Slide 47]  Distribution of Academically Employed Biomedical PhDs by Tenure Status [Slide 48] Distribution of Academically Employed Biomedical PhDs by Tenure Status [Slide 48]  Percentage of U.S. Biomedical Science PhDs Holding Tenure or Tenure-Track Positions, Total [Slide 49] Percentage of U.S. Biomedical Science PhDs Holding Tenure or Tenure-Track Positions, Total [Slide 49]  Percentage of U.S. Biomedical Science PhDs Holding Tenure or Tenure-Track Positions 5-6 Years Post-PhD [Slide 50] Percentage of U.S. Biomedical Science PhDs Holding Tenure or Tenure-Track Positions 5-6 Years Post-PhD [Slide 50] 7

8. Contents (7 of 7)  Medical School Faculty Appointments  Medical School Faculty Members by Degree and Department Type [Slide 52] Medical School Faculty Members by Degree and Department Type [Slide 52]  Total and New Faculty 1970-2007 in U.S. Medical Schools [Slide 53] Total and New Faculty 1970-2007 in U.S. Medical Schools [Slide 53]  NIH Grant Applications and Awards  Age of First Time R01 Equivalent Investigators [Slide 55] Age of First Time R01 Equivalent Investigators [Slide 55]  Number of Competing Awards (Including First R01) [Slide 56] Number of Competing Awards (Including First R01) [Slide 56]  Employment in Industry  Employment in U.S. Biotechnology Firms, 1992-2012 [Slide 58] Employment in U.S. Biotechnology Firms, 1992-2012 [Slide 58]  Employment in U.S. Pharmaceutical Companies, 1999-2010 [Slide 59] Employment in U.S. Pharmaceutical Companies, 1999-2010 [Slide 59] 8

9. Graduate School Applications 9

10. Graduate School Applications in Health and Biological Sciences Source: http://www.cgsnet.org/http://www.cgsnet.org/ 10

11. Graduate Records Examination (GRE) Scores 11

12. Mean Quantitative Scores of US Citizens and Permanent Residents Intending to Enroll in Biological and Health Sciences 12 Source: http://www.cgsnet.org/http://www.cgsnet.org/ Data are for 4 years ending in reference date

13. Graduate School Enrollment 13

14. 14 First Time, Full Time Biological and Medical Sciences Graduate Students in Doctorate Granting Departments by Citizenship/Visa Status Source: http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/gradpostdoc/http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/gradpostdoc/

15. First Time, Full Time Biological and Medical Sciences Graduate Students in Doctorate Granting Departments by Ethnicity (US Citizens and Permanent Residents Only) 15 Source: http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/gradpostdoc/http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/gradpostdoc/

16. Total Biological and Medical Sciences Graduate Students in Doctorate Granting Departments by Citizenship/Visa Status 16 Source: http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/gradpostdoc/http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/gradpostdoc/

17. Total Biological and Medical Sciences Graduate Students in Doctorate Granting Departments: U.S. Citizens and Permanent Residents 17 Source: http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/gradpostdoc/http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/gradpostdoc/

18. Total Biological and Medical Sciences Graduate Students in Doctorate Granting Departments, Temporary Residents Only 18 Source: http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/gradpostdoc/http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/gradpostdoc/

19. Total Biological and Medical Sciences Graduate Students in Doctorate Granting Departments by Ethnicity (US Citizens and Permanent Residents Only) 19 Source: http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/gradpostdoc/http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/gradpostdoc/

20. Total Biological and Medical Sciences Graduate Students in Doctorate Granting Departments by Sex 20 Source: http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/gradpostdoc/http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/gradpostdoc/

21. Full Time Biological and Medical Sciences Graduate Students in Doctorate Granting Departments by Mechanism of Support 21 Source: http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/gradpostdoc/http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/gradpostdoc/

22. NIH Trainees and Fellows 22

23. Pre-Doctoral and Post-Doctoral Full-Time Positions Awarded on NIH Training Grants and Fellowships 23 Source: http://grants1.nih.gov/grants/award/award.htmhttp://grants1.nih.gov/grants/award/award.htm

24. Postdoctoral Fellowship (F32) Applications Reviewed and Awarded 24 Source: http://grants1.nih.gov/grants/award/award.htmhttp://grants1.nih.gov/grants/award/award.htm

25. NIH Spending on Training Grants and Fellowships 25 Source: http://officeofbudget.od.nih.gov/history_budget_req.htmlhttp://officeofbudget.od.nih.gov/history_budget_req.html

26. Doctorate Awards 26

27. Doctorate Degrees Awarded in the Biological and Medical Sciences by Citizenship/Visa Status 27 Source: http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/doctorates/http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/doctorates/

28. Doctorate Degrees Awarded in the Biological and Medical Sciences by Ethnicity (US Citizens and Permanent Residents Only) 28 Source: http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/doctorates/http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/doctorates/

29. Doctorate Degrees Awarded in the Biological and Medical Sciences by Sex 29 Source: http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/doctorates/http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/doctorates/

30. Academic Postdoctoral Appointments 30

31. Biological and Medical Sciences Postdocs by Citizenship/Visa Status 31 Source: http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/gradpostdoc/http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/gradpostdoc/

32. Biological and Medical Sciences Postdocs by Degree and Citizenship/Visa Status 32 Source: http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/gradpostdoc/http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/gradpostdoc/

33. Biological and Medical Sciences Postdocs by Degree and U.S. Citizens and Permanent Residents Only 33 Source: http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/gradpostdoc/http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/gradpostdoc/

34. Biological and Medical Sciences Postdocs by Degree: Temporary Residents Only 34 Source: http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/gradpostdoc/http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/gradpostdoc/

35. Biological and Medical Sciences Postdocs by Sex and Citizenship/ Visa Status 35 Source: http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/gradpostdoc/http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/gradpostdoc/

36. Biological and Medical Sciences Postdocs by Source of Support 36 Source: http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/gradpostdoc/http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/gradpostdoc/

37. Postdoctoral Appointments for Individuals with PhDs from US Institutions 37

38. Percentage of US Biomedical PhDs with Postdoc 1-2 Years Post-PhD 38 Source: http://sestat.nsf.gov/http://sestat.nsf.gov/

39. Percentage of US Biomedical PhDs with Postdoc 3-4 Years Post-PhD 39 Source: http://sestat.nsf.gov/http://sestat.nsf.gov/

40. Percentage of US Biomedical PhDs with Academic Postdoc 1-2 Years Post-PhD 40 Source: http://sestat.nsf.gov/http://sestat.nsf.gov/

41. Percentage of US Biomedical PhDs with Academic Postdoc 3-4 Years Post-PhD 41 Source: http://sestat.nsf.gov/http://sestat.nsf.gov/

42. Stay Rates of Foreign Doctorate Recipients from US Universities 42

43. Percentage Stay Rates for Temporary Residents with Life Sciences Doctorates 43 Source: http://orise.orau.gov/science-education/publications/http://orise.orau.gov/science-education/publications/ Year of Doctorate

44. Employment Status of Individuals with PhDs from US Institutions 44

45. Employment of Biomedical Science PhDs by Sector of Employment 45 Source: http://sestat.nsf.gov/http://sestat.nsf.gov/

46. Distribution of Biomedical Science PhDs by Sector of Employment 46 Source: http://sestat.nsf.gov/http://sestat.nsf.gov/

47. Academically Employed Biomedical PhDs by Tenure Status 47 Source: http://sestat.nsf.gov/http://sestat.nsf.gov/

48. Distribution of Academically Employed Biomedical PhDs by Tenure Status 48 Source: http://sestat.nsf.gov/http://sestat.nsf.gov/

49. Percentage of US Biomedical Science PhDs Holding Tenure or Tenure-Track Positions, Total 49 Source: http://sestat.nsf.gov/http://sestat.nsf.gov/

50. Percentage of US Biomedical Science PhDs Holding Tenure or Tenure-Track Positions 5-6 Years Post-PhD 50 Source: http://sestat.nsf.gov/http://sestat.nsf.gov/

51. Medical School Faculty Appointments 51

52. Medical School Faculty Members by Degree and Department Type 52 Source: https://www.aamc.org/data/facultyroster/reports/https://www.aamc.org/data/facultyroster/reports/

53. Total and New Full-Time Faculty 1970 to 2010 in US Medical Schools with Ph.D. or equivalent degree (includes M.D./Ph.D.) 53 Source: http://www.aamc.orghttp://www.aamc.org

54. NIH Grant Applications and Awards 54

55. Average Age of First Time R01 Equivalent Investigators 55 Source: http://report.nih.gov/http://report.nih.gov/

56. Number of Competing NIH Awards (Including First R01) 56 Source: http://grants1.nih.gov/grants/award/award.htmhttp://grants1.nih.gov/grants/award/award.htm

57. Employment in Industry 57

58. Employment in Publicly-Owned Biotechnology Firms, 1992-2013 58 Source: http://www.ey.com/GL/en/Industries/Life-Scienceshttp://www.ey.com/GL/en/Industries/Life-Sciences

59. Domestic R&D Scientific and Technical Personnel, PHRMA Member Companies 1999-2010 59 Source: http://www.phrma.org/profiles-reportshttp://www.phrma.org/profiles-reports

60. Contact Us For comments or questions, please contact Howard Garrison at hgarrison@faseb.org or call 301-634-7650. hgarrison@faseb.org 60