1. By: William Torres

2. Vietnam War  Second Indochina war  Fallowed first Indochina war a) between communist (north) supported by communist allies b) against South Vietnam (supported by the U.S. (anti-communist nations)  Cold war a) military conflict b) in Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia

3. Viet Cong  Vietnamese communist controlled front a) fought guerrilla war ( irregular warfare) (where they use ambushes and raids) b) U.S. and south Vietnamese relied on air superiority and overwhelming fire power c) search and destroy

4. Why the U.S entered war?  To prevent communist takeover  Strategy of containment  Combat units were deployed  U.S. ground forces were withdrawn (Vietnamization)  Fighting continued

5. http://www.youtube.com/v/88jrZjsNHPc http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=26NkXQvvPMI&feature=related http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DsmMpRJD9mk&feature=related http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vDy0Z3HSkTE http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=orCzJBisOFs&feature=related

6. Case-Church amendment  Passed by U.S. Congress  Prohibited use of U.S. military (after August 15,1973)  Unless president’s approval in advance

7. Capture of Saigon  Captured by North Vietnamese April 1975  Marked the end of the war  A year later North and South Vietnam were reunified

8. 1949  France began it’s conquest of Indochina (in late 1850’s)  France completed pacification in 1893  Treaty of Hue a) 1884 b) basis of French colonial rule in Vietnam

9.  In W.W. II French were defeated by Germans  Meaning they became allies with German and Italian axis powers  French wanted and searched for power  But were resisted by ultimate power  Japanese

10.  This continued  Until Germans were forced out of France  French Indochina started secret talks with Free France  Japanese could not trust France any more

11. Independence Democratic Republic of Vietnam  Ho Chi Minh leader of Viet declared  Independence Democratic Republic of Vietnam  He began a speech paraphrasing the Declaration of Independence ( All men are created equal...)

12.  Major allies  United States  United Kingdom  And Soviet Union  All agreed land belonged to France  France did not have weapons, ships and soldiers to take Vietnam

13.  British troops would occupy the south  While Nationalist Chinese would move in from the North  When British landed they aided the French since there was not enough troops to take Vietnam themselves

14. Guerilla War  Viet Minh started a Guerilla war against the French  First Indochina war  War spread to Laos and Cambodia  Chinese communist aided there allies

15. U.S. Aides French  U.S. created MAAG ( Military Assistance and Advisory Group)  U.S. supplied small arms  U.S. spent $1 billion on the war and shouldered the war paying 80% of the war

16.  There were talks between Americans and French, and use of three Nuclear weapon was considered  There was Operation Vulture sending 60 B 29’s from U.S. bases  Supported by 150 fighters to bomb Viet Minh (commander Vo Nguyen Giap’s positions)

17.  U.S carriers sailed to the Gulf of Tonkin  According to Nixon the plan involved drawling up three tactical nuclear weapons for the French  Nixon, "We might have to put in American boys”

18. Battle of Dien Bien Phu  Marked the end of French involvement in Indochina  French Union garrison surrendered  Geneva Conference  French came to agreement with Viet Minh  Independence to Cambodia and Vietnam

19. Vietnam  Temporarily partitioned at the 17 th parallel  Civilians were free  Northerners (mostly Catholics) fled to the south  Frightened by communism

20. Propaganda  Using American Propaganda  Such as The Virgin Mary is heading South  U.S. funded $93 million for relocation program

21. Geneva Conference (1954)  Domino Theory – if one country fell all surrounding countries would also  By Eisenhower  Security of Cambodia and Laos were those that were threatened by overflow of communism in Vietnam

22. Insurgency in the South  Ho Chi Minh,”do not engage in military operations that will lead to defeat”  Be selective in your violence  If assassination is necessary  Use a knife, not rifle, bomb, or grenade use only a knife

23. Assassin  Make sure peasant know why killing has occurred  Armed propaganda

24. Assassination continues…  Le Duan was a communist leader that was working in the south  He returned to Hanoi  400 government officials were killed  Violence had increased greatly  20% of South Vietnam’s village chiefs were assassinated

25. John F. Kennedy’s Administration  John F. Kennedy won 1960 election  He took over despite warnings from Eisenhower

26. Green Berets  Special forces employed by Kennedy  Effective in brush fire war in Vietnam

27. South Vietnamese Military  Quality of South Vietnamese military remained poor a) bad leadership b) corruption c) political promotions  Guerrilla attacks rose

28.  Kennedy increased military assistance  John Kenneth warned Kennedy of the danger, we shall replace French as a colonial force  Government refused to undertake land reform  Farmers paying high rents

29. Nations’ Agreement  July 23, 1963 Fourteen nations signed agreement promising the neutrality of Laos  Including : People’s Republic of China, South Vietnam, Soviet Union, North Vietnam and United States

30. Coup and Assassinations  Diem was not able to defeat communism might make a deal with ho Chi Minh  Robert F. Kennedy stated  “Diem wouldn’t make even the slightest concessions and he was difficult to reason with”

31.  Protest broke out on ban of Buddhist flag  U.S. officials began discussing of regime change  United Stated Department in favor of encouraging coup  While defense Department favored Diem