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The Spread of Islam.

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Presentation on theme: "The Spread of Islam."— Presentation transcript:

1 The Spread of Islam

2 I. Muhammad’s Successors Spread Islam
632: Muh. Died Abu Bakr chosen as successor Caliph = “successor of the Prophet”

3 A. “Rightly Guided” Caliphs
Abu Bakr, Umar, Uthman, & Ali All knew Muh. Rule = caliphate Abu Bakr promised to uphold what Muh. stood for Some abandoned Islam “jihad” (striving in the path of God) Islam expanded 634: Abu Bakr died & Muslim state controlled all of Arabia

4 Umar (2nd caliph) Conquered Syria & lower Egypt

5 Uthman & Ali cont’d to expand Muslim territory
750: stretched 6,000 mi.

6 Arab policy toward conquered peoples made conquests easier
More tolerant than other conquerors Christians & Jews converted or paid tribute w/in 100 yrs. of Muh’s death

7 Attempt to take Const. failed
711: Berbers (N.Af followers) invaded Spain led by Tariq (against Visigoths) Jabal Tariq (“Mtn. of Tariq”) Spain = easy conquest 732: Battle of Tours Stopped advance of Moors into Euro.

8 B. Reasons for Success 1. Victories = Allah’s support
Great inspiration & morale from faith 2. Muslim armies were well-disciplined & commanded 3. people were persecuted under Byz. rule

9 II. Internal Conflict Creates Crisis
656: Uthman was murdered (civil war) Ali (Muh’s cousin & son-in-law) became next caliph 661: Muawiya (Uthman’s cousin) Accused Ali of protecting Uthman’s assassins Ali & Muawiya went to war Ali was assassinated (Muawiya took power)

10 Umayyads came to power Moved Muslim capital to Damascus
Helped control conquered lands Abandoned the “simple” life…surrounded themselves w/wealth Helped give rise to a division in the umma

11 A. Division in the Umma Most accepted Umayyads’ rule
Shi’at Ali (“party of Ali”) (Shi’a) caliph (imam) had to be descendent of the Prophet Muh. 10% of Umma Sunni 90% of Umma Est. in 661 (Muawiya)

12 750: rebels overthrew Umayyads
Abbasids took control

13 III. Islamic Control Spreads
Abbasids murdered Umayyads Abd al-Rahman escaped to Spain to est. a caliphate Spain = conquered by Muslims (N.Af) 732: Muslims advanced w/in 200 mi. of Paris – stopped at Battle of Tours

14 A. Abbasids Consolidate Power
762: capital moved to Baghdad Trade routes Developed strong bureaucracy Treasury Army Diplomats Supported by taxes

15 B. Rival Groups Divide Muslim Lands
Abbasid Caliphate ( ) Failed to maintain control Independent Muslim states sprang up Fatimid caliphate Formed by Shi’a Claimed descent from Muh’s daughter Fatima Fatimids & smaller states were still connected thru religion, language, & trade

16 C. Muslim Trade Network Med. Sea & Indian Ocean Silk Roads
Engaged in sea trade w/world Silk Roads Single language


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