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Pesticide Regulation Susan King Extension Specialist University of Delaware
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Pesticide Regulation Pesticide Laws Pesticide Registration F Q P A
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Pesticide Laws Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, Rodenticide Act – FIFRA Food Quality Protection Act – FQPA
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Pesticide Law FIFRA General Use Pesticides – Anyone may use
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Pesticide Law FIFRA General Use Pesticides – Anyone may use Restricted Use Pesticides – Certified Licensed Applicators
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Pesticide Law FIFRA EPA determines how pesticides are Registered
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Pesticide Law FIFRA EPA determines how pesticides are SoldDisposed of StoredHandled TransportedApplied
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Pesticide Registration Tests: Toxicology –Single dose
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Pesticide Registration Tests: Toxicology –Lifetime exposure Reproduction Mutations Cancer
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Pesticide Registration Tests: Environmental fate –Breakdown in soil, water
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Pesticide Registration Tests: Environmental fate –Movement Runoff Leaching Drift
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Pesticide Registration Tests: Ecological effects –Birds –Fish –Non-target plants
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Pesticide Registration Tests: Residue Analysis
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Pesticide Registration Residue Analysis: Pesticide applied according to proposed label rates & procedures. Then pesticide residues on crops are measured.
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How much residue is safe?
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Pesticide Tolerances The amount of pesticide residue that will be legally allowed on food.
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300 ppm =No Effect Level
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10 X, animal test 30 ppm
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300 ppm =No Effect Level 10 X, animal test 3 ppm 30 ppm 10X, human variability
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300 ppm =No Effect Level 10 X, animal test 3 ppm 0.3 ppm 30 ppm 10x, kids 10X, human variability
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0.3 ppm spread over 5 crops = Tolerance Average 0.06 ppm each
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Pesticide Registration Residue TestingTolerance Setting If residue < tolerance, Pesticide registered
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Safety Nets Never eat all crops in one day! Every day! For 70 years!
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Safety Nets Never eat all crops in one day! Every day! For 70 years! Max rate not used! To all fields! To all parts of field!
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Explain pesticide registration to your neighbor.
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FQPA -- The Food Quality Protection Act of 1996 F Q P A
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“Reasonable certainty that no harm will result from aggregate pesticide exposure ” F Q P A
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The Risk Cup EPA has compared setting tolerances to filling a “Risk Cup”
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Exposure that you could receive every day. For 70 years. With no significant risk of long term, health effects. The Risk Cup
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EPA must lump compounds with a common mechanism of toxicity
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Common Mode of Action 39 OP’s malathion Guthion Lorsban
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0.3 ppm OP spread over 5 crops = Tolerance Average 0.06 ppm OP each
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Pets Food Home Garden Water EPA must consider aggregate exposure
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Aggregate Exposure Chlorpyrifos (Dursban, Lorsban)
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Dietary/ Non-Dietary Exposure & Common Mechanism of Toxicity
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If the risk cup gets full, manufacturers could reduce risk…
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By eliminating uses… … Especially minor uses!
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FQPA HITS Methyl parathion Azinphos methyl Chlorphyrifos Bendiocarb Ethyl parathion
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Changes in pesticide labels to reduce risk? Reduce number of sprays Reduce application rate Change formulation
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Procedure for setting tolerances Common mode of action Aggregate exposure Summary
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Procedure for setting tolerances Common mode of action Aggregate exposure Manufacturers need to reduce risk Summary
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Procedure for setting tolerances Common mode of action Aggregate exposure Manufacturers need to reduce risk EPA needs “Real Life” data Summary
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