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13.2a Developing a Redox table
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the relative reactivity of metals can be used to determine which redox reactions are spontaneous In all redox reactions, electrons are transferred from a reducing agent (RA) to an oxidizing agent (OA)
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list of elements in decreasing order of their reactivity, or ability to react chemically in aqueous solution most active elements appear at the top of the table bottom right of ½ rxtn table reactivity decreases as we move down the list decreases as we move up the right side of ½ rxtn table under ordinary conditions each element in the table can replace any element that appears below it above it on ½ rxtn table
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Activity Series of Metals
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a more active element displaces a less active element in a compound metals displace metals or H Cu + 2 AgNO 3 Cu(NO 3 ) 2 + 2 Ag Mg + 2 HCl MgCl 2 + H 2 nonmetals displace nonmetals 2 KI + Br 2 2 KBr + I 2 carbon displaces metals from oxides 3 C + Fe 2 O 3 3 CO + 2 Fe always redox
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Al + Zn(NO 3 ) 2 Al (NO 3 ) 3 + Zn Aluminum is higher than zinc so it replaces zinc in the compound Zn(NO 3 ) 2
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K Ba Sr Ca Na Mg Al Mn Zn Cr Fe Cd Co Ni Sn Pb H Sb As Bi Cu Hg Ag Pd Pt Au displace H 2 from cold H 2 O from steam from acids react with O 2 in the air to make oxides Fe is above Cu, so Cu metal will not displace Fe 2+ K Ba Sr Ca Na Mg Al Mn Zn Cr Fe Cd Co Ni Sn Pb H Sb As Bi Cu Hg Ag Pd Pt Au displace H 2 from cold H 2 O from steam from acids react with O 2 in the air to make oxides Gold is at the bottom, so it is very unreactive. K Ba Sr Ca Na Mg Al Mn Zn Cr Fe Cd Co Ni Sn Pb H Sb As Bi Cu Hg Ag Pd Pt Au displace H 2 from cold H 2 O from steam from acids react with O 2 in the air to make oxides Zn is above H, so Zn will react with acids Zn + Fe 2+ Fe + Zn 2+ listing of metals by reactivity free metal higher on the list displaces metal cation lower on the list metals above H will dissolve in acid Cu + Fe 2+ no reaction Zn + 2 H + H 2 + Zn 2+ K Ba Sr Ca Na Mg Al Mn Zn Cr Fe Cd Co Ni Sn Pb H Sb As Bi Cu Hg Ag Pd Pt Au displace H 2 from cold H 2 O from steam from acids react with O 2 in the air to make oxides Fe is below Zn, so Zn metal will displace Fe 2+
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Mg is above Cu on the Activity Series Mg will react with Cu 2+ to form Mg 2+ and Cu metal but Cu will not react with Mg 2+
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Mg + H 3 PO 4 Cu + H 2 SO 4 Al + Fe 2+ Predict whether the following will occur
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Mg + H 3 PO 4 Mg 3 (PO 4 ) 2 + H 2 Cu + H 2 SO 4 no reaction Al + Fe 2+ Al 3+ + Fe Sol’n
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http://www.chem.iastate.edu/group/Greenb owe/sections/projectfolder/flashfiles/redox/ home.html http://www.chem.iastate.edu/group/Greenb owe/sections/projectfolder/flashfiles/redox/ home.html
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Predict whether the following will occur Cu + HCl CuCl 2 + H 2 H 2 + CuO H 2 O + Cu
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Sol’n Predict whether the following will occur Cu + HCl CuCl 2 + H 2 no H 2 + CuO H 2 O + Cu yes
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Textbook p571 #2-7 LSM 13.2C (top half)
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