1. Film Optical Density Spectral Matching & sensitometry

2. Film screen Radiographic Density Overall blackening of the radiographic image as a result of the energy deposited inthe film emulsion.

3. Film screen Radiographic Contrast / Grayscale The difference between two adjacent radiographic densities in the image. The overall number of density shades present in the image.

4. Densitometer

5. Density.25 TO -2.5 The straight line of the H&D curve

6. To see changes in optical density In order to see changes in optical density on a radiograph you must increase you mAs by at least 20 – 30% To double the density on a radiograph you must double your density

7. Optical Density A numerical value indicating the degree of blackening on the film. (average OD seen on a radiograph = 1.2 Range is 0.21 – 2.5) # of photons coming through film = OD # # of photons hitting film OD= 1 2 3 1 = 0 10 0 1 = 1 10 1 1 = 2 10 2 1 = 3 10 3 1 10 100 1000

8. Carltons – CH 21 (pg 307) – increments of optical density Density log = incident light intensity transmitted light intensity OD # % of light photons transmitted 0100 % 1 10 % 2 1 % 30.1 % If the quantity of black metallic silver on a radiograph is such that it allow 1 % of the light to pass through – what is the OD? 10% 100%

9. An unexposed and processed film will have a density of about? 1.zero 2.0.1 3.1.0 4.2.5

10. If the quantity of black on the film allows 1% of light to pass through, that film has a density of 1. 0.01 2.0.1 3.1.0 4.2.0

11. If the quantity of black on the film allows 10% of light to pass through, that film has a density of 1. 0.01 2.0.1 3.1.0 4.2.0

12. The relationship between the intensity of light striking a film and the intensity of light transmitted through the film is an expression of which of the following? 1.Radiographic contrast 2.Radiographic density 3.Recorded detail 4.Radiographic filtration

14. Image-forming x-rays Two kinds of photons are responsible for the OD and contrast on an image: Photons that pass through without interacting and those that are scattered though Compton. X-rays that exit the patient are remnant and those that interact with the IR are image-forming.

15. Optical Density Controlling factor: mAs mAs determines the quantity of x- rays What is the formula to determine quantity of x-rays?

16. How is OD measured on a monitor

18. Optical Denisty H & D curve Spectral Matching RT 244 Week 13/14 Rev 11/09

19. Log denisty H & D curve

20. If the exposure of the film results in optical densities (OD) that lie in the toe or shoulder regions, where the slope of the curve is less, contrast is reduced.

21. Slope of the straight- line portion of the characteristic curve is greater for image receptor A than for image receptor B. Image receptor A has higher contrast.

22. How does the slope affect Latitude? Contrast?

23. Spectral Matching (F/S) What does it mean? Name the two types of screen phosphors What light spectrum do they emit?

24. Spectral Matching (F/S systems)

25. Red safe light

27. Safe lights What wattage bulb? Distance from counter top?

28. Sensitometry What is the purpose? What does it measure? Why is it important? More on this in RT 255 QA/QC

29. Sensitometric curve Developer temp Can effect Slope of curve Less exposure is needed for higher Dev temps What is the ave temp? for a 90 sec processor? 100º 90º Log of relative exposure DENSITY