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IIIIII The Periodic Table I. History
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A. Mendeleev zDmitri Mendeleev (1869, Russian) yOrganized elements by increasing atomic mass. yElements with similar properties were grouped together. yThere were some discrepancies.
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A. Mendeleev zDmitri Mendeleev (1869, Russian) yPredicted properties of undiscovered elements.
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B. Moseley zHenry Mosely (1913, British) yOrganized elements by increasing atomic number. yResolved discrepancies in Mendeleev’s arrangement.
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IIIIII Do Periodic Law Activity The Periodic Table
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IIIIII II. Organization of the Elements The Periodic Table
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zMetals zNonmetals zMetalloids A. Metallic Character
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IIIIII III. Periodic Trends The Periodic Table
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A. Periodic Law zWhen elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic #, elements with similar properties appear at regular intervals.
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B. Chemical Reactivity zFamilies ySimilar valence e - within a group result in similar chemical properties
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B. Chemical Reactivity zAlkali Metals zAlkaline Earth Metals zTransition Metals zHalogens zNoble Gases
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zAtomic Radius ysize of atom © 1998 LOGAL zFirst Ionization Energy yEnergy required to remove one e - from a neutral atom. © 1998 LOGAL zMelting/Boiling Point C. Other Properties
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zAtomic Radius D. Atomic Radius Li Ar Ne K Na
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zAtomic Radius yIncreases to the LEFT and DOWN D. Atomic Radius
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zWhy larger going down? yHigher energy levels have larger orbitals yShielding - core e - block the attraction between the nucleus and the valence e - zWhy smaller to the right? yIncreased nuclear charge without additional shielding pulls e - in tighter D. Atomic Radius
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zFirst Ionization Energy E. Ionization Energy K Na Li Ar Ne He
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zFirst Ionization Energy yIncreases UP and to the RIGHT E. Ionization Energy
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zWhy opposite of atomic radius? yIn small atoms, e - are close to the nucleus where the attraction is stronger zWhy small jumps within each group? yStable e - configurations don’t want to lose e - E. Ionization Energy
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zSuccessive Ionization Energies Mg 1st I.E.736 kJ 2nd I.E.1,445 kJ Core e - 3rd I.E.7,730 kJ yLarge jump in I.E. occurs when a CORE e - is removed. E. Ionization Energy
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Al 1st I.E.577 kJ 2nd I.E.1,815 kJ 3rd I.E.2,740 kJ Core e - 4th I.E.11,600 kJ zSuccessive Ionization Energies yLarge jump in I.E. occurs when a CORE e - is removed. E. Ionization Energy
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zMelting/Boiling Point yHighest in the middle of a period. F. Melting/Boiling Point
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zIonic Radius yCations (+) xlose e - xsmaller © 2002 Prentice-Hall, Inc. yAnions (–) xgain e - xlarger G. Ionic Radius
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zWhich atom has the larger radius? BeorBa yCaorBr Ba Ca Examples
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zWhich atom has the higher 1st I.E.? yNorBi yBaorNe N Ne Examples
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zWhich atom has the higher melting/boiling point? yLiorC yCrorKr C Cr Examples
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zWhich particle has the larger radius? ySorS 2- yAlorAl 3+ S 2- Al Examples
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The Periodic Table zDo Periodic Trends WS
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