1. Formation of the Modern Middle East Essential Question: What does nationalism and imperialism mean, and how did these factors impact the Middle East in the 1800s? WHY: to understand the meaning of nationalism and imperialism and be able to explain the impact of these factors on the Middle East 1.Discussion: Imperialism is a necessary evil 2.Class Notes: Imperialism Background 3.Reading: Fall of the Ottoman Empire 4.Return Tests CHECK OFF: Imperialism is a necessary evil response HW: Fall of the Ottoman Empire Reading Questions DUE Thursday/Friday

2. What is Imperialism? Class Definition: a policy or practice of extending a country's power and influence through diplomacy or military force WHY would a country do this? - to gain economic and political advantages HOW do countries do this? - control is usually achieved by military force Has America ever been imperialist ?

3. What is Nationalism? European nationalism in the 1800s: Passionate pride in your country – to the point that you see your country as being better than other countries Greatness of country based on size – prove your greatness through expansion

4. WHY Imperialism? Raw materials needed for industrialization = need for expansion Suez canal (Egypt: 1869) was essential to British and French Trade. Colonies provided the resources for European finished products. – By 1914 94% of Egypt’s exports were cotton

5. Also… Many Europeans thought people in Africa, Asia and the Middle East = racially inferior “Proof” of their inferiority: -Little industrialization = justification for imperialism Created an “obligation” to help So… WHY Imperialism?

6. What happened…  Napoleon (briefly) invaded Egypt in 1798 (during the French Revolution)  The British eventually gained control of Egypt, Sudan and the small states of the Persian Gulf  Egyptian nationalist movement led to British indirect rule 1882-1953  France seized Algeria and Morocco  Bottom line – England and France were taking control of the Middle East and North Africa.

7. European Colonies in the Middle East