3. Click on a lesson name to select. Chapter 1 The Study of Life Section 1: Introduction to Biology Section 2: The Nature of Science Section 3: Methods of Science

4. Click on a lesson name to select. Academic Vocabulary Diversity – differing from one another; unlike Evolve – to develop gradually Inquiry – examination into facts or principles Unbiased – to be objective impartial or fair

5. Click on a lesson name to select. Academic Vocabulary Pseudoscience – theories, beliefs and methods wrongly considered as scientific. Technology– application of scientific knowledge to solve human needs and to extend human capabilities.

6. Click on a lesson name to select. Science Terms The study of science requires understanding and being able to recognize many technical terms. The meaning of these terms can be found by looking at the parts of the words. Words are made up of prefixes, suffixes and root words. This holds true for science terms also.

7. Click on a lesson name to select. Science Terms Many science terms have prefixes, suffixes and root words that are of Latin & Greek organ. These provide us with clues to the meaning of the terms. You can find the meaning to science terms by looking at the part or breaking the words down.

8. Click on a lesson name to select. Science Terms Example Let’s take the word Biology Bio – meaning “Life” Logy or logo – meaning “thought or study of” Biology – the study of life.

9. Click on a lesson name to select. Ch 1 Word Roots Bio – life Logy – study of Pseudo – false Stasis – remain constant

10. Click on a lesson name to select. Objectives 1.1 Define biology. Identify possible benefits from studying biology. Summarize the characteristics of living things. Main Idea – All living things share the characteristics of life.

11. 2. Biologist’s study:  origins and history of life and once-living things  structures of living things Chapter 1 The Study of Life  how living things interact with one another  how living things function 1. Biology— is the study of life

12. 3. What 5 major areas biologist do?  Study the diversity of life  Research diseases The Study of Life  Develop technologies  Improve agriculture  Preserve the environment 1.1 Introduction to Biology Chapter 1

13. 4. An organism is anything that has or once had all the characteristics of life.

14. 5. Our textbook states there are Eight characteristics of Life a. All living things are made of one or more cells b. Living things displays organization, which means they are arranged in an orderly way. Cells work together to form tissues. Tissues form organs. Organs form organ systems. The Study of Life Chapter 1

15. c. Grows results in the addition of mass to an organism. Development is the process of natural changes (maturing) that occur during the life of an organism.

16. d. Reproduction is the production of offspring. Reproduction is not an essential characteristic for individual organisms. A species is a group of organisms that can breed with one another and produce fertile offspring.

17. e. Organisms must respond to stimuli. The cause of the reaction is the stimulus. The reaction to the stimulus is the response. The Study of Life 1.1 Introduction to Biology Chapter 1

18. f. All living things require energy to fuel the functions of life. Most plants and some unicellular organisms use light energy from the Sun to make their own food and fuel their activities. Organisms that cannot make their own food get energy by consuming other organisms.

19. Stimulus/Response Your mouth waters at the sight of food on a plate There is a sudden drop in air temperature, which give you goosebumps. You get a fever after a virus enters your body. You get “butterflies

20. g. Homeostasis is the regulation of an organism’s internal environment to maintain life. If anything happens within or to an organism that affects its normal state, processes to restore the normal state begin. h. An adaptation is any inherited trait that results from changes to a species over time.

21. Is it living, nonliving or dead? Potted plant Glass of water Fresh cut flowers Pumpkin seeds Turtle shell Cut hair Cut fingernails Tea leaves Chicken sandwich Rubber band Tree with no leaves on it in winter Book Rock

22. Click on a lesson name to select. Objectives 1.2 Explain the characteristics of science. Compare something that is scientific with something that is pseudoscience. Describe the importance of the metric system and SI.

23. What is science? 1.Science is the study of nature. 2.The nature, or essential characteristic, of science is scientific inquiry the development of explanations. The Study of Life 1.2 The Nature of Science Chapter 1

24. 3. Scientific explanations combine what is already known with consistent evidence gathered from many observations and experiments.

25. Uses Scientific Theory 4. A theory is an explanation of a natural phenomenon supported by many observations and experiments over time. The results are always the same. The Study of Life 5. The two most important theories in biology are the cell theory and the theory of evolution. A scientific law is a description of a natural event (event of nature). Ex. the law of gravity 1.2 The Nature of Science Chapter 1

26. 6. Pseudoscience imitates science and is based on beliefs. Some examples of pseudoscience are astrology, horoscopes, psychic reading, and palmistry.

27. DescriptionSciencePseudoscience Studying genes and inheritance Forecasting personality by reading bumps on the head Observing interactions of organisms in the environment Peers reviewing investigations and experiments Telling the future by reading lines on the palms Forming untestable hypothesis based on non scientific literature Forming testable hypotheses based on observations and questions Communicating experimental findings and offering data for peer review

28. Expands Scientific Knowledge 7. Science results in a constant re-evaluation of what is known. The Study of Life It also leads to more questions and additional research. New knowledge from research is gained that scientists then evaluate. 1.2 The Nature of Science Chapter 1

29. Challenges Accepted Theories 8. Scientists welcome debate about one another’s ideas. An example of this is the research on AIDS. The Study of Life Sciences advance by accommodating new information as it is discovered. 1.2 The Nature of Science Chapter 1

30. Questions Results 9. Science questions results. The Study of Life.An example of this is the classification of bats as mammals rather than birds due to similar traits. 1.2 The Nature of Science Chapter 1

31. Tests Claims 10. Science tests claims with conclusions being based on evidence. Pseudoscience claims are a mixture of fact and opinion. The Study of Life 1.2 The Nature of Science Chapter 1

32. Undergoes Peer Review  Before it is made public, science-based information is reviewed by scientists’ peers. The Study of Life 11. Peer review is a process by which the procedures used during an experiment and the results are evaluated by other scientists who are in the same field or who are conducting similar research. 1.2 The Nature of Science Chapter 1

33. The Study of Life Uses Metric System Scientists can repeat the work of others as part of a new experiment. 12. Scientists use the metric system which is based on the powers of ten. 13. This system is called the International System of Units, or SI. 1.2 The Nature of Science Chapter 1

34. Science in Everyday Life 14. Forensics uses science to solve crimes or matters of legal interest. 15. A person who is scientifically literate combines a basic understanding of science and its processes with reasoning and thinking skills. 1.2 The Nature of Science The Study of Life Chapter 1

35. 16. Ethics are a set of moral principles or values held by a society. Ethical issues must be addressed by society based on the values it holds important.

36. Click on a lesson name to select. Objectives 1.3 Describe the difference between an observation and an inference. Differentiate among control, independent variable, and dependent variable. Identify the scientific methods a biologist uses for research.

37. Ask a Question The Study of Life 1.Scientific inquiry begins with observation.  This is followed by making logical conclusions called inferences. 1.3 Methods of Science Chapter 1

38. 2.Scientists use scientific methods but not in the same way each time. Observations and inferences happen throughout the process.

39. Form a Hypothesis The Study of Life 3. A hypothesis is a testable explanation of a situation. 1.3 Methods of Science Chapter 1

40. 4. Serendipity is the accidental or unexpected but fortunate results. The antibiotic, penicillin, is an example of this.

41. Collect the Data The Study of Life 5.Scientists conduct experiments in controlled settings that tests hypotheses. 1.3 Methods of Science Chapter 1

42. Controlled Experiments The Study of Life 6.The control group in an experiment is a group used for comparison. 7.The experimental group is the group exposed to the factor being tested. 1.3 Methods of Science Chapter 1

43. Control Group?

44. Experimental Design The Study of Life 8.The factor that is changed in an experiment is the independent variable. As a result of this change, the dependent variable is the one measuring the effect of the change. 1.3 Methods of Science Chapter 1 Dependent and Independent Variables

45. 9.A constant remains fixed during the experiment.

46. Data Gathering The Study of Life 10. Scientists gather data which is information gained from their observations. 11. This data is analyzed by asking “Has the hypothesis been supported?”. 1.3 Methods of Science Chapter 1

47. Report Conclusions 1.3 Methods of Science The Study of Life  If the reviewers agree on the merit of the paper, then the paper is published for review by the public and use by other scientists. 12. Biologists report their conclusions in scientific journals. Chapter 1 Visualizing Scientific Method

48. 13. Safety symbols will be used in biology labs to alert you to possible danger. (see inside front cover of textbook)

49. Metric System KingHectorDiedWhileDrinkingChocolateMilk KiloHectodecabasedecicentimilli khdaGrams, meters, liters dcm 1000100101.1.01.001 1. 30 km= ______m6. 45.798kL=_________L 2. 4.22cm= _______mm7. 328.4L=___________kL 3. 367g= ________kg8. 21.543L=_________mL 4. 9.73g=________kg9. 82.450mm=_________dm 5. 38.9mg=________cg

50. Avoiding Bias 1. Large sample size: better chance of gaining the true representative average. 2. Random selection: more likely to produce a ‘regular type’.

51. Quantitative data can be measurements of time, temperature, length, mass, area, volume, density, or other factors. Qualitative data are descriptions of what our senses detect.

52. Analyze the Data The Study of Life  A graph of the data makes the pattern easier to grasp.  Even when a hypothesis has not been supported, it is valuable. 1.3 Methods of Science Chapter 1

53. The Study of Life 1. Why is the metric system preferred by scientists? Answer: Using the same system of measurements allows a scientist to repeat another’s work knowing that he or she is performing the experiments exactly the same. Chapter 1 Chapter Diagnostic Questions

54. The Study of Life 2. What is a testable explanation? A. observation B. hypothesis C. experiment D. constant Chapter 1 Chapter Diagnostic Questions

55. The Study of Life 3. Which is not a characteristic of all organisms? A. made of one or more cells B. grows and develops C. capable of rational thought D. maintains homeostasis Chapter 1 Chapter Diagnostic Questions

56. The Study of Life 4. What area of science takes scientific knowledge and applies it to meet human needs? A. exploration B. dynamics C. physics D. technology Chapter 1 1.1 Formative Questions

57. The Study of Life 5. What is the process of change that takes place during the life of an organism? A. adaptation B. development C. growth D. reproduction Chapter 1 1.1 Formative Questions

58. The Study of Life 6. Some species of plants begin opening their flowers in the morning when they are exposed to sunlight. What characteristic of living things does this represent? A. acquiring energy B. adapting to the environment C. displaying organization D. responding to stimuli Chapter 1 1.1 Formative Questions

59. The Study of Life 7. What process regulates an organism’s internal conditions and keeps them stable? A. adaptation B. equilibrium C. homeostasis D. metabolism Chapter 1 1.1 Formative Questions

60. D. an explanation supported by observations and experiments The Study of Life 8. What is a theory? B. a creative tool for designing investigations explanation C. a scientific inquiry that seeks to provide an Chapter 1 A. a body of knowledge about a natural phenomenon 1.2 Formative Questions

61. 9. True or False Scientists discard observations and data that are not consistent with current scientific understanding. The Study of Life Chapter 1 1.2 Formative Questions

62. The Study of Life 10. A scientist wants to report the findings from her investigations. Before her information can be published, what must it go through? A. forensics B. peer review C. scientific methods D. the metric system Chapter 1 1.2 Formative Questions

63. The Study of Life 11. What do issues such as AIDS, global warming, genetic engineering, and cloning have in common? A. They involve ethics. B. They involve forensics. C. They must be addressed by scientists. D. They require the metric system. Chapter 1 1.2 Formative Questions

64. The Study of Life 12. When you form a logical conclusion based on your observations and what you already know, what are you making? A. a conjecture B. an inference C. a speculation D. a theory Chapter 1 1.3 Formative Questions

65. The Study of Life 13. What is a hypothesis? A. a defined question B. a curious assumption C. a tested inference D. a testable explanation Chapter 1 1.3 Formative Questions

66. The Study of Life 14. What type of discovery is a serendipitous discovery? A. accidental B. anticipated C. ingenious D. whimsical Chapter 1 1.3 Formative Questions

67. 15. True or False In order for scientific experiments to be valid, they must be based on scientific methods that use controlled experiments. The Study of Life Chapter 1 1.3 Formative Questions

68. The Study of Life 16. Identify the term used to describe an explanation of a natural phenomenon supported by observation and experimentation. A. forensics B. natural law C. theory D. physics Chapter 1 Chapter Assessment Questions

69. The Study of Life 17. In a controlled experiment, which factor can change? A. control group B. experimental group C. dependent variable D. independent variable Chapter 1 Chapter Assessment Questions

70. The Study of Life 18. Look at the figure below. Why is scientific data often displayed in graphs? Is this quantitative or qualitative data? Chapter 1 Chapter Assessment Questions

71. Answer: Graphs help show patterns in the data and make it easier to understand. Quantitative data The Study of Life Chapter 1 Chapter Assessment Questions

72. The Study of Life 19. Which biological science was Jane Goodall studying when she observed chimpanzees? A. ecology B. genetics C. animal behavior D. biotechnology Chapter 1 Standardized Test Practice

73. The Study of Life 20. In which activity would an environmental biologist most likely be involved? A. genetically engineering plants B. finding ways to protect species C. preventing the spread of disease D. developing new medicines and vaccines Chapter 1 Standardized Test Practice

74. The Study of Life 21. Which is an indication that an idea is based on pseudoscience? A. It brings up more questions. B. It causes disagreement and debate. C. It does not welcome scientific investigation. D. It does not receive acceptance by scientists. Chapter 1 Standardized Test Practice

75. The Study of Life 22. Scientists use laboratory rats to test the effects of a new drug, Razatrin. What do rats in the control group receive? A. food containing Razatrin B. food without Razatrin C. food containing another drug D. food containing a variety of drugs Chapter 1 Standardized Test Practice

76. The Study of Life 23. Which is the dependent variable in this experiment? Chapter 1 Standardized Test Practice A. mass B. number of days

77. The Study of Life Glencoe Biology Transparencies Chapter 1

78. The Study of Life Image Bank Chapter 1

79. Vocabulary The Study of Life biology organism organization growth development reproduction species Section 1 stimulus response homeostasis adaptation Chapter 1

80. The Study of Life science theory peer review metric system SI forensics ethics Vocabulary Section 2 Chapter 1

81. The Study of Life observation inference scientific method hypothesis serendipity experiment control group experimental group independent variable dependent variable constant data safety symbol Vocabulary Section 3 Chapter 1

82. The Study of Life Chapter 1  Visualizing Scientific Method Visualizing Scientific Method Animation

83. Chapter Resource Menu The Study of Life Chapter Diagnostic Questions Formative Test Questions Chapter Assessment Questions Standardized Test Practice biologygmh.com Glencoe Biology Transparencies Image Bank Vocabulary Animation Click on a hyperlink to view the corresponding lesson. Chapter 1