1. The Respiratory System Chapter 22

2. Functions Surface for gas exchange Movement of air Protection of respiratory pathways Sound production Assistance with olfaction

3. Conduction Zone

4. Respiration Zone

5. Respiratory Membrane Simple squamous epithelia Pneumocytes type 1 Pneumocytes type 2 (septal) Alveolar macrophages Respiratory membrane Epithelia Endothelia Shared (fused) basement mebrane http://iws.collin.edu/mweis/Images/Histolog y/2402%20histology/Respiratory%20Histo/l abeled%20resp%20histo/resp_phys_alveol us_typecells_histo_labeled.png

6. Mechanics of Breathing (exchange of air between atmosphere and lungs) Pulmonary ventalation maintains alveolar ventilation Atmospheric pressure effects ventilation Boyles Law P=1/V (http://www.grc.nasa.gov/WWW/k-12/airplane/aboyle.html)http://www.grc.nasa.gov/WWW/k-12/airplane/aboyle.html Ventilation causes volume and pressure changes Intrapulmonary pressure Intrapleural pressure

7. Mechanics of Breathing

8. Physical Factors Airway resistance Alveolar surface tension Lung Compliance change in lung volume/change in lung pressure

9. Gas Exchange Dalton's Law =the partial pressure of a gas is the pressure contributed to the mixture of gases Henry's Law =the amount of gas in solution is directly proportional to the partial pressure Partial pressures gradients drive gas exchange Amount of gas in solution depends upon the solubility

11. Gas Transport Red blood cells are sacs of hemoglobin bound O2 CO2 uses 3 methods Conversion to carbonic acid (HCO3-) =70% Bound to hemoglobin = 23% Dissolved in plasma =7%

14. Gas Transport

16. Control of Respiration

20. Respiratory Adjustments Exercise High Altitude Scuba Diving Hyperbaric Chambers