1. Mathew Ang Sean Braganza Lenard Cheng Lawrence Chu Ethan Cu Brian De Guzman Paul Gue Dwight Ong Marc Ong Ryan Tan Mathew Yap TOPIC DEFENCE: WHAT MATERIAL BEST PREVENT HEAT LOST? Castiglione 1

2. Significance Of The Study

3. - guides us on how we can prevent heat loss efficiently - to know which type of clothing we should use in times of cold and hot seasons. - to discover if the prices of these types of cloth are worth the price in terms of insulation strength

4. Why Cloths?

5. Cloths are environmental friendly compared to other insulative goods like leather and animal skin. They are environmental friendly because compared to using metals, cloths decompose faster. Things that decompose in a long period of time stays here, on Earth, and takes up the space for how many years. It contributes to the destruction of our environment. Compared to using a metal canister/thermos, this is a lot easier to construct.

6. Why Choose These Types Of Cloths?

7. We chose the three types of cloth; silk, cotton and polyester. But before choosing them, we thought of the types of cloth that have an impact in our society. First, silk and cotton, as we all know, are very common to all of us. Silk is worn often as gowns, while the high and the low class all wear cotton. Therefore, by experimenting using them, a lot of people will benefit from it. But why polyester? Polyester is worn, but not as often as the others. We chose this because the polyester's properties are different compared to the others.

8. Things That You Should Know.

9. What Is Heat Energy?

10. Heat energy is contained in molecules as vibrations. If there is more vibration, more heat is produced. In some materials, heat can be easily transferred (conductors), while in other materials, heat can't pass through easily (insulators).

11. What Are Insulators?

12. Not all materials can easily allow heat to pass through, and these are called insulators. Materials with molecules far away from each other are better insulators because the vibration can't easily reach other molecules.

13. Where Do We Use Insulators?

14. We use insulation so that we can make our own lives easier and safer. It makes our lives easier because it lessens the cold entering our body. We can also use insulators when we want to keep materials warm for a long period of time. For example, we wear jackets so that we can keep ourselves warm. We can also use insulation as cooking materials. An example can be the handles of different pans so that we won't get burned.

15. Types Of Cloths

16. Polyester

17. - made from polymers - human-made - not easily affected by mold and by other biological substances - very strong, easily dried, and stays in shape

18. Polyester

19. Silk

20. - made from silkworms - first made here, in China - known for its strength, softness, and insulating properties - expensive compared to the others

21. Silk

22. Cotton

23. - one of the oldest types of cloth - produced from farming and harvesting cotton plants - cheap compared to the other types of cloth - worn by the higher and the lower class

24. Cotton

25. Problem

26. Which of the 3 materials (silk, cotton and polyester) is the best insulator of heat?

27. Hypothesis

28. Polyester is the best insulator out of the 3 materials because of its complex ingredients.

29. Experimental Design

30. Materials

31. - 3 bottles (500 mL of the same kind) - 3 thermometers (same brands) - timer/stopwatch - a pitcher - hot water (same temperature) - silk - cotton - polyester

32. Procedure

33. STEP 1: Fill three 500ml bottles to the brim with hot water. (same temperature) STEP 2: Insert the 3 thermometers in each of the bottles, to check if the temperatures are the same. ( remove them if your already sure of their temperature) Step 3: Wrap each type of cloth (cotton, silk, and polyester) outside of each bottle. Wrap them once. STEP 4: Check the temperature of the set-up after an hour* and see which water temperature decreased the most/least. *use the stopwatch to time the experiment

34. Variables

35. Independent Variable: the different types of cloth Dependent Variable: temperature of the water after the experiment Controlled Variable: - initial temperature of the water - kind of bottle - room temperature/location - time taken for the experiment - amount of water - the number of coil of these types of cloth to their assigned bottle

36. Proposed Data Presentation

37. A bar graph shall be used in this experiment. With it, the temperatures of these 3 types of cloth will be seen obviously as which type of cloth is the best and worst insulators.

38. Bibliography

39. Kurtus, Ron (2006, April 29) Thermal Insulation Prevents Heat From Escaping retrieved on Nov. 8, 2010 from: http://www.kids_science_experiants.com/heatconductosandinsulat ors.html Mellendrof, Ken (2004, April 1) Heat Movementand Insulators Retrieved on Nov. 8, 2010 from: htt://www.newton.dg.an/.gov/askasci/phy00/phy0078.htm Geno, Jezek (2006) What is Polyester? Retrieved: Nov. 8, 2010 from: http:// www. whatispolyester.com/ Granyard Hill Farm (2010) Cotton Facts Retrieved: Nov. 8, 2010 from: http://granyardhillfarm.com/barn_news/teaching- resources/cottonfacts/

40. Silkroad Foundation(1997) History of Silk Retrieved: Nov. 8, 2010 from: http://ww.silkroad.com/artl/silkhistory.html (n.d.) What Is Cotton? Retrieved on Nov. 9, 2010 from: http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-Cotton.htm (n.d.) What Is Polyester? Retrieved Nov. 9, 2010 from: http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-polyester.htm (n.d.) What Is Silk? Retrieved: Nov. 9, 2010 from: http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-silk.htm