1. Portraiture Reflective of Individualism Often showed the materialism of the culture Ghirlandaio portrait a perfect example

9. “

12. Botticelli—Portraits of Sandro di Medici and “unknown woman”

15. Durer II

16. Define humanism: Secular, but not necessarily anti- Christian Greek and Roman Focus on explaining humans and human nature Learning emphasized

17. Great Humanists? Petrarch Bocaccio Mirandola Castiglione Vergerio Bruni Valla

18. More humanists— T. More Erasmus Rabelais—cynic, made fun of those in society he found to be contradictory

19. Prescriptive literature: Tells reader how to act Example—Castiglione, Vergerio… Vernacular— Common language—humanist writers

20. Is the term “Renaissance” misleading? Secularism and individualism? No learning during late mid. Ages? Scholasticism?

21. What were the components of a great Renaissance education? Liberal education History Poetry Military Humble…

22. How was a Ren. Woman’s education and life different from that of a man? More poetry and religion Less political and social status Married young Made babies More isolated (private sphere) Demure/ modest

23. Was “The Prince” misinterpreted? Why did M. write the book? How was it the first modern treatise on political systems? “Does the welfare of the state justifies everything” mean “the end justifies the means?”

24. How did politics and social classes begin to change? Popolo—middle class started to increase in size, wanted more political power Communes—free associations of free individuals—in towns Signori—beyond feudal lords, Despots (sometimes enlightened) Medici, Sforza, Florence, Milan

25. How was Italy divided? Duchy of Milan Rome and the Papal States Republic of Florence Naples and the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies

26. Compare the N. Ren. To the Italian Ren… art and literature? Writers? Emphasis on Religion?