2. Hort 1 – Objective 24.01 Nutrients

3. B. Functions of nutrients & symptoms of deficiencies 1.Primary nutrients a. Nitrogen 1.Functions: a)Promotes growth of leaves & stems b) Gives dark green color & improves quality of foliage

4. c) Necessary to develop cell proteins & chlorophyll 2) Deficiency symptoms: a) sick, yellow-green color b) Short stems, small leaves, pale colored leaves & flowers c) Slow & dwarfed plant growth

5. b. Phosphorus 1) functions: a) Stimulates early formation & growth of roots b) Provides for fast & vigorous growth & speeds maturity c) Stimulates flowering & seed development d) Necessary for the enzyme action of many plant processes

6. 2) Deficiency symptoms: a)Decrease in growth b) slow maturity c) older leaves are purplish color

7. c. Potassium 1)functions: a) used to form carbohydrates & proteins b) Formation & transfer of starches, sugars, & oils c) Increases disease resistance, vigor, & hardiness

8. 2) Deficiency symptoms a) mottled, spotted, streaked or curled leaves b) scorched, burned, dead leaf tips & margins

9. 2. Secondary nutrients a. Calcium 1)functions: a) improves vigor b) Influences intake & synthesis of other plant nutrients c) Important part of cell walls

10. 2) Deficiency symptoms a) Small developing leaves, wrinkled older leaves b) Dead stem tips

11. b. Magnesium 1) functions: a) Influence the intake of other essential nutrients b) Helps make fats c) Assists in translocation of phosphorus & fats

12. 2) Deficiency symptoms a) Interveinal chlorosis – yellowing of leaves between green veins b) Leaf tips curl or cup upward c) slender, weak stems

13. c. Sulfur 1)functions: a) Promotes root growth & vigorous vegetative growth b) Essential to protein formation

14. 2) Deficiency symptoms a) Young leaves are light green with lighter color veins b) Yellow leaves and stunted growth

15. 3. Micro nutrients a. Iron 1) functions a) Essential for chlorophyll production b) Helps carry electrons to mix oxygen with other elements

16. 2. Deficiency symptoms a) Mottled & interveinal chlorosis in young leaves b) Stunted growth & slender, short stems

17. b. Copper 1) Functions a) helps in the use of iron b) helps regulate respiration

18. 2) Deficiency symptoms a) Young leaves are small & permanently wilt b) Multiple buds at stem tips

19. c. Zinc 1)Functions a) plant metabolism b) Helps form growth hormones c) reproduction

20. 2) Deficiency symptoms a) Retarded growth between nodes (rosetted) b) New leaves are thick & small c) Spotted between veins, discolored veins

21. d. Boron 1) functions a) Affects water absorption by roots b) Translocation of sugars

22. 2) Deficiency symptoms a) short, thick stem tips b) Young leaves of terminal buds are light green at base c) Leaves become twisted & die

23. e. Manganese 1)Functions a) plant metabolism b) nitrogen transformation

24. 2) Deficiency symptoms a) Interveinal chlorosis b) young leaves die

25. f. Molybdenum 1)Functions a) plant development b) reproduction 2) Deficiency symptoms a) stunted growth b) yellow leaves, upward curling leaves, leaf margins burn

26. g. Chlorine 1)Functions a) essential to some plant processes b) acts in enzyme system 2) Deficiency symptoms a) Usually more problems with too much chlorine or toxicity than with deficiency