1. Ancient Egypt: Geography

3. Geography Egypt is located in northeastern Africa
The Nile River runs the length of the country flowing south to north
The river begins in the mountains of Africa and empties into the Mediterranean Sea
The climate is hot and dry, part of the Sahara Desert

5. Geography
Ancient Egypt was divided into two regions: Upper and Lower Egypt
Lower (northern) Egypt consisted of the Nile River's delta made by the river as it empties into the Mediterranean.
Upper Egypt was the long, narrow strip of ancient Egypt located south of the Delta.

9. The Nile River The Nile was the lifeblood of ancient Egypt
It made life possible in the otherwise barren desert of Egypt.
It is the longest river in the world (over 4,000 miles).
It served as a source of food for the people of ancient Egypt
It was the major source of water for bathing and drinking
The Nile was crucial for farming

12. Blue Nile

13. White Nile

14. White & Blue Nile Meet in Sudan

15. Floodplain

16. Gifts of the Nile
ANNUAL FLOODING: Everything centered around the annual flooding of the Nile.
June–September
Flooding Season
October–February
Planting Season
March–May
Harvest Season
And so time went...season after season...for a thousand years.

17. Floodplain
The low strip of fertile land located on either side of the Nile River
The river flooded during the annual inundation (time of flooding)
When the inundation subsided, it left the earth soaked and overlaid with a fresh layer of black silt.
Most of the farming occurred here

18. Nile Delta
Located in northern Egypt where the Nile River spreads out and empties into the Mediterranean Sea
150 miles of coastline
65 miles in length
Rich agricultural region
Most fertile soil in Africa

20. Bordered on the south, east and west by the Sahara Desert, and on the north by the sea, ancient Egypt was protected from outside influences.

21. Great Sahara Desert

24. Facts About the Nile River
Length
4,184 miles
2 Sources
Lake Victoria, Uganda (White Nile); Lake Tana, Ethiopia (Blue Nile)
Mouth
Mediterranean Sea, off Egypt
Countries Flows Through
Egypt, Sudan, Uganda, Ethiopia, Zaire, Kenya, Tanzania, Rwanda, Burundi
Name Origin
Greek word Nelios, which means "River Valley"

25. Essential Questions EQ1-How did work and social roles affect people?
EQ2-How did learning advance in ancient Egypt?
EQ3-What religious beliefs did Egyptians hold?
****KEY VOCABULARY

26. Cataract
A waterfall

27. Delta
The area near a river’s mouth where the water deposits fine soil

28. Silt
Fine soil deposited by a river.

29. fertile
Land that is good for growing crops

30. linen
A type of fabric woven from flax plants

31. Pyramid

32. mummy
A body that has been dried so it wont decay within the tomb it was placed.

33. embalm
To preserve a body after death

34. afterlife
Life that takes place in another world after death. Egyptians believed that their deceased would go to the underworld.

35. papyrus
A paper like material made from a reed of the papyrus plant

36. hieroglyph
A picture that stands for a word or letter

37. Scribe
A person who has a job to write and keep records

38. Essential Questions Eq1-Why was the Nile River important?
Eq2-How did the Egyptians use the land around the Nile?
EQ3-What economic activities developed in Egypt?

39. Ramses II
The pharaoh who ruled Egypt from 1279 to 1213 B.C. and created a stable empire.
Built the house of Ramses which contained four 66 foot statues of himself
Ruled Egypt for 66 years
His reign was peaceful

40. Hatshepsut
An Egyptian queen who declared herself pharaoh in 1472 B.C. and expanded trade
1st woman to rule as a pharaoh
She created the Obelisk monument

41. Obelisk
A four sided shaft with a pyramid shaped top

42. Khufu
A pharaoh who built the great pyramid.

43. Step Pyramid A pyramid with sides that rise in a series of steps.
Also known as a mastaba

44. Pharaoh
The title of a king in ancient Egypt

45. succession
The order in which members of a royal family inherit the throne

46. Pyramid Structure with triangular sides that meet at a point.
Often used for burial of mummies within its tombs.

47. Dynasty
A line of rulers from the same family