1. Diversity

2. Three Domains of Living Things The Tree of Life The Three Domains of Life Represent the Earliest Branches in Evolutionary History

3. ArchaeaBacteria

4. Protists: Algae Photosynthetic Using Chloroplasts Single-celled Algae Single-celled Algae Euglenoids have a single flagellum Dinoflagellates move with two whiplike flagella. Diatoms have silica shells.

5. Protists: Algae Photosynthetic Using Chloroplasts Multicellular Algae Multicellular Algae

6. Fungus-Like Protists Heterotrophic by Absorption Water mold Slime mold

7. Animal-Like Protists: Protozoa Heterotrophic by IngestionHeterotrophic by Ingestion Distinguished by LocomotionDistinguished by Locomotion Sporozoans have no means of locomotion Sarcodines move with pseudopodia

8. Animal-Like Protists: Protozoa Heterotrophic by IngestionHeterotrophic by Ingestion Distinguished by LocomotionDistinguished by Locomotion Zooflagellates use flagella for movement. Ciliates use cilia for movement.

9. Zygote Fungi LiveLive in soil and on decaying plant matter ZygoporangiaZygoporangia = reproductive structures producing spores

10. Sac Fungi AscusAscus = sac that surrounds spores

11. Club Fungi BasidiumBasidium = club-shaped reproductive structure that produces spores

12. Imperfect Fungi SexualSexual reproduction has not been observed

13. Evolutionary Tree of Major Plant Groups Ancestral Algae Liver- worts MossesBryophytes True vascular tissue & lignin appear Ferns Gymno- sperms Seeds and pollen appear Flowers & Fruits appear Seed Plants Angio- spermsTracheophytes Shows increasing adaptations for land dwelling Bryophyta Pterophyta Conifero- phyta Anthophyta

14. Mosses Ferns

15. Gymnosperms Seed Plants without Flowers Angiosperms Flowering Plants

16. Categories of Angiosperms

17. Evolutionary Developments Leading to Present-Day Animal Phyla

18. Evolutionary Sequence for Animal Groups Protist Ancestor P. Poriphera sponges P. Cnidaria corals tissues

19. Phylum Porifera Sponges Phylum Cnidaria Coral, Hydra, Anemones and Jellyfish

20. Body Symmetry

21. Body Plans Diploblastic Triploblastic

22. Evolutionary Sequence for Animal Groups P. Platyhelminthes flatworms Protist Ancestor P. Poriphera sponges P. Cnidaria corals tissues triploblasticbilateral symmetrycephalization

23. Body Plan Developments Cephalization Segmentation

24. Phylum Platyhelminthes Tapeworms, Flukes, Flatworms Phylum Nematoda Roundworms Phylum Annelida Segmented Worms

25. Body Cavities Coelom: body cavity lined on all sides by a layer of mesodermal cells

26. Evolutionary Sequence for Animal Groups P. Annelida segmented worms P. Nematoda roundworms P. Mollusca snail, clam Protist Ancestor P. Poriphera sponges P. Cnidaria corals P. Platyhelminthes flatworms tissues triploblastic bilateral symmetry cephalization cuticle segmentation Coelom?

27. Phylum Mollusca Clams, Chitons, Snails, Squid

28. Evolutionary Sequence for Animal Groups P. Arthopoda insects chitin jointed appendages P. Platyhelminthes flatworms tissues P. Nematoda roundworms Protist Ancestor P. Poriphera sponges P. Cnidaria corals P. Annelida segmented worms P. Mollusca snail, clam triploblastic bilateral symmetry cephalization cuticle segmentation Coelom?

29. Phylum Arthropoda insects, crabs, spiders Phylum Echinodermata sea stars, sand dollars, sea urchins

30. Evolutionary Sequence for Animal Groups P. Echinidermata sea stars P. Chordata deuterostome developmental pattern Protist Ancestor P. Poriphera sponges P. Cnidaria corals P. Platyhelminthes flatworms P. Annelida segmented worms P. Nematoda roundworms P. Arthopoda insects P. Mollusca snail, clam tissues triploblastic bilateral symmetry cephalization cuticle segmentation chitin jointed appendages Coelom?

31. Comparison of Protostomes to Deuterostomes cleavage = cell divisions following fertilization blastopore = first opening in embryo Mouth forms from first opening Mouth forms from second opening

32. Evolutionary Sequence for Animal Groups P. Echinidermata sea stars P. Chordata Sub P. Urochordata Sub P. Cephalochodata Sub P. Vertebrata Fishes (5-7 classes) C. Amphibia frog C. Mammalia whale, mouse C. “Reptilia” lizards C. Aves birds

33. Phylum Chordata Subphylum Urochordata tunicates, sea squirts Subphylum Cephalochordata lancelets

34.  Class Agnatha  jawless fishes  Class Chondrichhthyes  cartilaginous fish  Class Osteichthyes  bony fish Phylum Chordata Classes of Sub-Phylum Vertebrata 5-7 classes of fish, including

35.  Class Amphibia  frogs, toads, salamanders  Class Aves  birds  Class Reptilia  lizards, snakes, turtles, alligators Phylum Chordata Classes of Sub-Phylum Vertebrata

36.  Class Mammalia: monotremes, marsupials, placentals Phylum Chordata Classes of Sub-Phylum Vertebrata