1. Introduction to the Animal Kingdom

2. Which of these is an “animal”?

3. Answer: They are all animals! Characteristics of Animals: heterotrophic Eukaryotic multicellular lack cell walls. 95% = invertebrates (do not have backbone) 5% = vertebrates (have a backbone)

4. Biology = study of life Physiology = Study of the functions of organs Anatomy = the structure of the organism/organs Zoology = study of animals

5. Animal Functions 1.Feeding: Herbivore = eats plants Carnivore = eats animals Omnivore = eats plants and animals Detritivore = feed on decaying organic material Filter Feeders = aquatic animals that strain food from water Parasite = lives in or on another organism (symbiotic relationship)

6. 2. Respiration: Take in O2 and give off CO2 Lungs, gills, through skin, simple diffusion

7. 3. Circulation: Very small animals rely on diffusion Larger animals have circulatory system

8. 4. Excretion: Primary waste product is ammonia 5. Response: Receptor cells = sound, light, external stimuli Nerve cells => nervous system 6. Movement: * Most animals move

9. 7. Reproduction: Most reproduce sexually = genetic diversity Many invertebrates can also reproduce asexually to increase their numbers rapidly

10. Body Symmetry - the body plan of an animal, how its parts are arranged Asymmetry - no pattern (corals, sponges) Radial Symmetry - shaped like a wheel (starfish, hydra, jellyfish) Bilateral Symmetry - has a right and left side (humans, insects, cats, etc)

11. Identify the Symmetry

12. Cephalization - an anterior concentration of sense organs (to have a head) *The more complex the animals becomes the more pronounced their cephalization Octopus – member of the class Cephalopoda (head-foot)

13. Body Sides anterior - toward the head posterior - toward the tail dorsal - back side ventral - belly side

14. Segmentation - Many complex animals have body segments, and specialization of tissue (even humans are segmented, look at the ribs and spine)

15. Animal Kingdom Phyla Phylum Porifera – sponges Phylum Cnidaria – sea anemones, jellyfish, hydra

16. Phylum Platyhelminthes - flatworms Free-living PlanarianParasitic Tapeworm

17. Phylum Annelida – segmented worms Phylum Nematoda – roundworms

18. Phylum Mollusca – clams, squid, snails

19. Phylum Arthropoda – crustaceans, insects, spiders This is the largest phylum in the animal kingdom and contains the most number of species

20. Phylum Echinodermata - starfish

21. Phylum Chordata – includes all vertebrates