1.  Carolus Linnaeus 1707-1778 is the father of binomial nomenclature  Way of identifying organisms  K,P,C,O,F,G,S  Now we have three domains 1. Archae – methanogens, thermophiles, halophiles 2. Bacteria (Eubacteria) – all other prokaryotes 3. Eukarya – protists, fungi, plant animals

13.  Fungi grow as filaments – hyphae  Mycelium – mass of hyphae  Most do not have complete cell walls – septa divide walls  Cell walls – contain chitin  Haustoria – hyphae that penetrate their host.  Zygomycota – Bread mold  Ascomycota – cup fungus  Basidiomycota - mushrooms

17.  Mosses, ferns, gymnosperms, angiosperms  Green algae is the ancestor of plants

18.  No symmetry – sponges – Porifera  Radial Symmetry – jellyfish – Cnidaria  Acoelomates – flatworms – Platyhelminthes  Pseudocoelomates – roundworms/rotifer – Nematoda  Coelomates – all others  Protostome – Molluscs, Annelids, Arthropods  Deuterostome – Chordates and Echinoderms

21. 1. Sessile – does not move 2. Mostly marine 3. Multicellular – but has no tissues 4. No body symmetry 5. Gets nutrients through pores

24. 1. Soft bodies with tentacles and stinging cells 2. Radial symmetry 3. One opening - both mouth and anus 4. Nerve net 5. Two cell layers – ectoderm and mesoderm 6. Polyp and medusa 7. Hydra, jelly fish, sea anemone

28. 1. Flat bodies with bilateral symmetry 2. Nerve ladder with brain 3. 3 cell layers – ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm 4. Mostly parasitic 5. One opening 6. Planaria, flukes, tapeworms

31. 1. Bilateral symmetry 2. Tough outer covering - cuticle 3. Digestive cavity 4. Can be parasites 5. First to have body cavity – pseudocoelom 6. Ex. Roundworms, pinworms, heartworms

32.  Very small  Pseudocoelom  Crown of cilia for feeding

34. 1. Ringlike segmented bodies 2. Bilateral symmetry 3. Tubelike digestive tract 4. Organ systems 5. Setae on segments 6. Dorsal vein 7. Ventral nervous system 8. True Coelom 9. Ex. Earthworms, leeches

36. Segmented Worms

37. 1. Soft bodies with shells 2. Move with muscular foot 3. Have a mantle that secretes the shell 4. Bilateral symmetry 5. True Coelom 6. Ex. Clams, scallops, squid, octopus, snails, slugs

38. Class Bivalves

39. Class Gastropoda

40. Class Cephalopoda

41.  Segmented  Jointed Appendages  Exoskeleton made of Chitin  Head, thorax, abdomen  Crustaceans – crabs, lobster, shrimps  Millipedes and Centipedes  Insects

44.  Protostomes – determinate cleavage where early cells have predetermined fate  Deuterostomes – indeterminate cleavage where early cells can be the whole organism

45.  Deuterostome development – blastopore becomes the anus  Star fish, brittle stars, sea urchin

48. Lancelets