1. el verbo haber So far, you have only used haber as a unipersonal verb – it only has one form when it means there is / there are. Hay cuatro manzanas. There are four apples. Hay una rana en mi bolsillo. There is a frog in my pocket. So far, you have only used haber as a unipersonal verb – it only has one form when it means there is / there are. Hay cuatro manzanas. There are four apples. Hay una rana en mi bolsillo. There is a frog in my pocket. HABER ES UN VERBO UNIPERSONAL In the imperfect, it means there used to be. Había un oso en la choza. There used to be a bear in the hut. In the imperfect, it means there used to be. Había un oso en la choza. There used to be a bear in the hut. In the preterite, it means there was/ there were at a specific point in time. Hubo un terremoto. There was an earthquake. Hubo una inundación. There was a flood. In the preterite, it means there was/ there were at a specific point in time. Hubo un terremoto. There was an earthquake. Hubo una inundación. There was a flood.

2. el verbo haber as a “helping verb” You learned about “helping verbs” in grammar school. I have learned. She had spoken. We had eaten. In Spanish, haber is used to form those helping verbs. presente perfecto have/has done something hehemos hashabéis hahan Just add them to the participio pasado to get the perfect tenses. He aprendido. I have learned. Había hablado. She had spoken. Habíamos comido. We had eaten. Just add them to the participio pasado to get the perfect tenses. He aprendido. I have learned. Había hablado. She had spoken. Habíamos comido. We had eaten. pluscuamperfecto had done something habíahabíamos habíashabíais habíahabían

3. el participio pasado Form the past participle by adding –ado (-AR verbs) or -ido (-ER & -IR verbs) to the end of the verb.

4. los participios pasados irregulares These verbs have irregular participles! poner= puesto abrir= abierto morir= muerto decir= dicho ver= visto romper= roto hacer= hecho escribir= escrito Any words ending in “olver” will turn into “uelto”: volver-vuelto resolver-resuelto devolver-devuelto Etc…. Any words ending in “olver” will turn into “uelto”: volver-vuelto resolver-resuelto devolver-devuelto Etc…. Multivowel verbs will get an accent mark on the í leer-leído construir-construído caer-caído Multivowel verbs will get an accent mark on the í leer-leído construir-construído caer-caído