1. Simulations Report E. García, UIC

2. Run 1 Geometry Radiator (water) 1cm x 2cm x 2cm with optical properties Sensitive Volume (hit collector) acrylic (with air optical properties) World optical air

3. 1 GeV proton Cerenkov photons tracking, reflection and transition in radiator Hits collected in sensitive volume stored for further analysis.

4. Run 1 properties of optical photons Hits position in detector Momentum angle at detector 44.85 0 Wave length distribution 562 out of 718 photons hit the detector

5. 10 GeV pi- Run 2 Radiator C 4 F 10 2 x 2 m Detector

6. Run 2 properties of optical photons Hits position in detector Momentum angle at detector 3.13 0 Wave length distribution 911 photons produced 449 leave track in detector

7. Does it make sense? KE (input) = 1 GeV proton (10 GeV pi-) E = KE + m 0 = 1.938 GeV (10.139 GeV) p 2 = E 2 – m 0 2 = 1.6958 2 (100.1389 2 )  = p/E = 0.875 (0.999) cos  = 1/  n n W =1. 3435 -->  W = 31.37 o n C4F10 = 1.0015 -->  Q = 3.02 o Then take into account snell law’s from water (C 4 F 10 ) to air  W (at detector) = sin -1 (1.3435*sin(31.37)) = 44.92 o  C4F10 (at detector) = sin -1 (1.0015*sin(3.02)) = 3.024 o OK

8. Run 3 ARich model 1 Mirror ● Material quartz ● Curvature radius (r) 1.2 m ● Arc cut at r /10 ● Small absorption length Mirror ● Material quartz ● Curvature radius (r) 1.2 m ● Arc cut at r /10 ● Small absorption length Mirror ● Material quartz ● Curvature radius (r) 1.2 m ● Arc cut at r /10 ● Small absorption length Detector ● Acrylic ● Large interaction lenght ● Non optical Radiator ● C 4 F 10 @ 1 atm and 24 o c ● 60 x 90 x 90 cm

9. Run 3 results 10 GeV pi- reflected photons hits collected in detector produced cerenkov photons: 117 detected : 72 hit position in detector

10. Run 3 detector resolution Particles were shot perpendicularly to the center of the detector (mirror) The points are the mean of a Gaussian fit to the distribution of optical photon angular position in the detector from 100 events, the error is the sigma of the fit

11. Run 3 number of photons produced and detected

12. Run 5 C 5 F 12 same geometry as Run 4 Cut in energy of tracks of detectedphotons 10 GeV kaon : 100 events averaged number of cerenkov photons: 240 average number of detected photon tracks with energy cut applied: 36 wave length distribution of produced photons cut for detected photons hits in detector (100 events - no cuts)

13. Run 5 Results

14. Run 6: non zero incidence angle incident angle 24 0, for this run initial position of the particle is at R (120 cm) at center of mirror tracks from photons in detector (100 events) Using the average position of the ring' s center in XY's detector plane, the anglular distribution is generated

15. Run 6 Results resolution for 24 o incidence The angle is the mean to the gaus fit to the angular distributions and the error bar is the sigma of the fit resolution for scanned angles: mean and sigma black 0 o, red 5 o, green 10 o, blue 15 o, pink 20 o brown 24 o

16. Run 7 position scanning incident particle offset in X 50 cm off the center tracks of photons in detector (100 events) calculating the angle from the center does not work here, this looks more like ellipse than a circle (see next transparency)

17. Run 7 results black 0 cm, red 10 cm, green 20 cm, blue 30 cm, pink 40 cm and brown 50 cm We may need different variable to resolve particles for example: the minor axis of the ellipse

18. Run 7: minor axis parameter minor axis The minor axis distribution (on the right) is generated by: Finding the “center” point (x o, y o ) (geometric mean of the 2D distribution) Then within an interval (dX) around the x o calculating the distance |y- yo| The mean of the fit to the |y-y o | distribution is the minor axis, and the sigma of the fit the is the error. kaon 50 cm and 14 GeV 100 events

19. Run 7 minor axis parameter results Using the minor axis parameter we have resolution for: Within 50 cm up to 12 GeV Within 40 cm up to 14 GeV Within 30 cm up to 18 GeV Color scheme: black 0 cm, red 10 cm, green 20 cm, blue 30 cm, pink 40 cm and brown 50 cm

20. Run 7 continuation Color scheme: black 0 cm, red 10 cm, green 20 cm, blue 30 cm, pink 40 cm and brown 50 cm These are 100 events for k and pions at 14 GeV, the kaons are for 50 cm position and the pions for 20 cm position. The minor axis can't resolve them, may be the positive mayor axis (pma) will resove better.

21. Run 7 Positive minor axis parameter try The resolution is actually worst with this parameter. A pattern recognition approach may be needed. For the present studies we will fold back to the mayor axis parameter for the resolution and work on further aspects of the design.

22. Run 7 Number of photon tracks Color scheme: black 0 cm, red 10 cm, green 20 cm, blue 30 cm, pink 40 cm and brown 50 cm

23. Run 8 angular scan 2 angular scan Photon tracks in detector for a 18 GeV kaon at 5 deg (brown) and for a 18 GeV pion at 3 deg (blue). One event, 56 photon tracks detected for kaon and 79 for pion Photon wavelength distribution for 18 GeV and 5 deg. kaons (brown) and 3 deg. pions (blue). The distributions are normalized to the number of events (100). No CsI QE effects simulated in this run

24. Run 8 results Color scheme: black 0 deg, red 1 deg, green 2 deg, blue 3 deg, pink 4 deg and brown 5 deg Ellipsoide ring minor axis. The points are the mean of of the gaussian fit to 100 event distributions and the errors the sigma of the fit, using this parameter it is possible to resolve up to 16 GeV Average of the number of photon tracks detected.

25. Run 9 variation of the distance of detector to mirror For this run the length of the detector is reduced, the dimensions of the mirror are the same, and the distance from the detector to the mirror is varied around the focal point (R/2 = 60 cm). The particle gun aims to the center of the detector Top: The average number of photons and averaged ring minor axis resolution for 100 events. Only cut in photon energy here no QE of CsI (25%) included in runs. Right: Photon tracks in detector for 33 GeV pion (blue), kaon (red) and proton (black) one event. The detector is at f = 60 cm and the gun aiming at the center of the mirror. x - x O (cm) y - y O (cm)

26. Run 9 f = 55 cm f = 55 cm Right top: the average ring minor axis resolution for 100 events with the detector at f = 55 cm. Right bottom : the average ring minor axis for f = 55cm (black) and for f = 60 cm = R/2 (green). Left bottom: photon tracks in the detector for proton at 33 GeV for f = 55 cm (black), and f = 60 cm (green).

27. Run 9 f = 50 cm Right top: the average ring minor axis resolution for 100 events with the detector at f = 50 cm. Right bottom : the average ring minor axis for f = 50cm (black) and for f = 60 cm = R/2 (green). Left bottom: photon tracks in the detector for proton at 33 GeV for f = 50 cm (black), and f = 60 cm (green). f = 50 cm

28. Run 9 f = 65 cm Right top: the average ring minor axis resolution for 100 events with the detector at f = 65 cm. Right bottom : the average ring minor axis for f = 65 cm (black) and for f = 60 cm = R/2 (green). Left bottom: photon tracks in the detector for proton at 33 GeV for f = 65 cm (black), and f = 60 cm (green). f = 65 cm

29. Run 9 f = 70 cm Right top: the average ring minor axis resolution for 100 events with the detector at f = 70 cm. Right bottom : the average ring minor axis for f = 70 cm (black) and for f = 60 cm = R/2 (green). Left bottom: photon tracks in the detector for proton at 33 GeV for f = 50 cm (black), and f = 70 cm (green). f = 70 cm

30. Run 10 increase the radius of the mirror and tank (R = 180 cm) Left top: the average number of photons tracks in detectors for 100 events Right bottom : the resulution using the average ring minor axis Left bottom: the resulution using the detected angle No CsI QE in simulation

31. Run 11 horizontal scann for R = 180 cm geometry This is one event for 18 GeV particles: proton at 0 cm (black), pion at 20 cm (green) and kaon at 50 cm (brown). Top position, bottom normalized position (for comparison) Color scheme: black 0 cm, red 10 cm, green 20 cm, blue 30 cm,pink 40 cm and brown 50 cm. Bottom, zoom of top Resolution up to ~ 18 GeV within 50 cm

32. Run 11 angular scann for R = 180 cm geometry This is one event for 24 GeV particles: proton at 0 0 (black), pion at 2 0 (green) and kaon at 5 0 (brown). Top position, bottom normalized position (for comparison) Color scheme: black 0 0, red 10 0, green 2 0, blue 3 0,pink 4 0 and brown 5 0. Bottom, zoom of top Resolution up to ~ 24 GeV within 5 0

33. Run 12 QE of CsI effect on simulation (geometry R = 180 cm) Effect of QE on the spectra of the detected photons QE of CsI detector

34. Run 12 (R = 240 cm) CsI Q.E. simulated for this run Momentum spectra of removed background (e+, e- and  ) Average number of photon tracks (top) and resolution (bottom)

35. Run 12 angular and position scann for R = 240 cm geometry Resolution plot, color scheme: black 0 0, red 10 0, green 2 0, blue 3 0,pink 4 0 and brown 5 0, aqua 6 0 Resolution up to ~ 26 GeV within 6 0 Resolution plot, color scheme: black 0 cm, red 10 cm, green 20 cm, blue 30 cm, pink 40 cm and brown 50 cm, aqua 60 cm Resolution up to ~ 22 GeV within 60 cm

36. Hexagonal mirror Hexagonal mirror: curvature radius R = 240 cm. Hexagon radius r = 120 cm, apothem ~ 104 cm. Detector located at R/2

37. Hexagonal mirror Array Hexagonal array: 6 mirrors with curvature radius 240 cm, hexagon radius 120 cm, apothem ~ 104 cm. Detector located at half of the curvature radius (120 cm) Front view of hexagonal array. R is tha path choosen for ths angular and position scanning

38. Position scann Gun located at z = 5.5 m and perpendicular to mirror array. The distance to the center of the array then is changed along R: black 0 cm, red 20 cm, green 40 cm, blue 60 cm, pink 80 cm, brown 100 cm and aqua 120 cm. Right panel is a zoom of the left panel. Resolution up to ~ 24 GeV along all the surface of array

39. Angular scann Gun located at z = 5.5 m at the center of mirror array. The partile gun direction is then changed to aim along R: black 0 deg, red 3 deg, green 6 deg, blue 9 deg, pink 12 deg and brown 14 deg (edge of second mirror). There seems to be an anomaly for 6 deg scanning, it seems to be due to the method used to find the minor axis.

40. Patter recognition method update for “slated” scanning Image for 100 events, incident partilces kaons at 21 GeV. Gun psoition x = y = 0 (array plane), z = 5.5 m. Gun direction polar angle = 6 deg and azimuthal angle = 26 deg. Problem with patter recognition method: “minor axis” calculated along Y direction, not along the 26 degree path 26 deg scanning path Image for 100 events, incident partilces kaons at 21 GeV. Gun psoition x = y = 0 (array plane), z = 5.5 m. Gun direction polar angle = 6 deg and azimuthal angle = 26 deg. Coordenates of image are rotated along the slanted scanning path. minor axis calculation now is acuarate

41. Improved pattern recognition method Results Resolution (minor axis plot) using old and improved patter recognition method. Gun psoition x = y = 0 (array plane), z = 5.5 m. Gun direction polar angle = 6 deg and azimuthal angle = 26 deg. Coordenates of image for improved method are rotated along the slanted scanning path. Gun located at z = 5.5 m at the center of mirror array. The partile gun direction is then changed to aim along R: black 0 deg, red 3 deg, green 6 deg, blue 9 deg, pink 12 deg and brown 14 deg (edge of second mirror). Good resolution for all particles along the array up to ~ 24 GeV

42. Individual ring images (one event) Bottom: 16 GeV pi (black), k (blue) p (brown) gun position R = 60 cm, direction phi = theta = 0 deg Top: 21 GeV pi (black), k (blue) p (brown) gun position R = 0 cm, direction phi = 25 deg, theta = 14 deg Top: 16 GeV pi (black), k (blue) p (brown) gun position R = 0 cm, direction phi = theta = 0 deg Left: 18 GeV pi (black), k (blue) p (brown) gun position X= 60 cm, Y = 0 and direction phi = theta = 0 deg, photon tracks hit edge of 3 mirrors Right: 18 GeV pi (black), k (blue) p (brown) gun position X= 100 cm, Y = 0 and direction phi = theta = 0 deg, photon tracks hit edge of 2 mirrors

43. Latest Geometries