1. Damage Survey Training Chad Entremont NWS Jackson

2. Viewing Damage Be aware of all damage (trees, structures, small objects etc) Know which direction damage was blown with respect to storm motion Have an idea of how sturdy the structure / object was Cover / cross all roads along the possible path

3. Tornado Debris blown in different directions from storm motion Debris converges to the center Look for focused damage along a path Look for damage opposite of storm motion (shingles on E side of roof dmg from a W to E moving tornado) Trees may lay perpendicular to storm motion

4. Severe Tstm Damage is blown in 1 direction, the way the storm is moving Hardwoods tend to be uprooted Pines snapped Shingle damage on 1 side of roof Usually wider and disorganized, not in a focused path Usually become wider with time

5. Tornado Storm Motion

6. EF Scale EF0 – (light dmg) branches broken off trees; a few shallow rooted trees uprooted; minor shingle or roof dmg EF1 – (mod dmg) peeled surface off or portions of roof heavily dmg; mobile homes pushed off foundation/overturned; several to a couple dozen trees snapped/uprooted; attached garages may be destroyed EF2 – (Considerable dmg) roofs torn off homes; mobile homes demolished; numerous to hundreds of trees snapped/uprooted; multi story homes shifted; chicken houses severely dmg or destroyed; light object missiles generated

7. EF Scale EF3 – (severe dmg) roofs torn off well build structures with outer walls collapsed; vehicles lifted and thrown; metal truss towers toppled; massive tree dmg with nearly all trees in the forest dmg with some hardwoods debarked EF4 – (devastating dmg) well built structures leveled; weak foundation buildings blown away some distance; vehicles thrown considerable distance and missiles generated EF5 – (total dmg) foundations left clean with all debris thrown considerable distances; steel reinforced concrete structures badly damaged

8. EF1 Damage

9. EF2 Damage

10. Destroyed Mobile Home

11. EF3 Damage

12. EF4 Damage

13. EF5 Damage