1. f LHC Accelerator Research Program Accelerator Systems Tanaji Sen FNAL/APC  Project management  Accelerator Physics  Instrumentation  Beam commissioning  LHC@FNAL Software (LAFS)

2. f September 26, 2007T. Sen: LARP Accelerator Systems Accelerator Systems The Accelerator Systems effort is a collaboration between: BNL, FNAL, LBNL, SLAC FNAL effort in - Accelerator Physics: IR upgrade, Wire compensation, Electron lens compensation - Instrumentation: Schottky monitor, Tune and chromaticity tracker, AC dipole - Collimation: Tertiary collimators - IR, Hardware and Beam commissioning

3. f September 26, 2007T. Sen: LARP Accelerator Systems FY07 Accelerator Systems Budget

4. f September 26, 2007T. Sen: LARP Accelerator Systems APC and Accelerator Division FY07 Budget ~ $ 0.84 M Current Effort: 19 people - Scientists: 10 - Engineers and designers: 5 - Guest scientists and post-docs: 2 - Graduate student: 1 - Hardware commissioner at CERN: 1

5. f September 26, 2007T. Sen: LARP Accelerator Systems IR Upgrade Studies Issues with quads-1 st vs dipoles-1 st Apertures and peak fields Chromaticity Beam-beam interactions Geometric aberrations Energy deposition Luminosity gain at lower L* Beam-beam compensation is required to benefit from lower L* Slim magnets inside detectors under study Local chromaticity compensation scheme developed Luminosity vs L*Geometric Aberrations vs L* Beam-beam footprintsEnergy deposition and L* J. Johnstone, N. Mokhov, I. Rakhno. T. Sen

6. f September 26, 2007T. Sen: LARP Accelerator Systems Beam-beam wire compensation Au experiments in RHIC, 2007 Simulations, FNAL Tune shift vs separation Tune scan of dynamic aperture BTF comparison Loss rates FNAL: H.J. Kim. T. Sen; BNL, LBNL and SLAC

7. f September 26, 2007T. Sen: LARP Accelerator Systems Tertiary Collimators Detailed MARS15 calculations confirmed, tertiary collimators do their job both in IP1 and IP5. Energy deposition and radiation levels are well under control. Betatron cleaning contribution dominates over beam-gas, with energy deposition in IRQ well below limits. Particle fluxes at CMS detector calculated for both sources, with beam-gas being a driver at large radii. Tungsten tertiary collimators designed to protect the LHC high-luminosity inner triplets IP1 and IP5 and the ATLAS and CMS detectors against: Any remnants of a mis- steered beam not captured in the IP6 beam abort system. Tertiary halo generated in the IP3 and IP7 collimation systems. Products of beam-gas interactions in a 550-m region upstream of IP1 and IP5. N. Mokhov, I. Rakhno Muon flux: plan view

8. f September 26, 2007T. Sen: LARP Accelerator Systems Schottky Monitor Schottky Monitor will provide unique capabilities –Only tune measurement during the store –Bunch-by-bunch measurement of parameters such as Tune, Chromaticity Non invasive Technique Diagnosis of beam-beam effects and electron cloud Monitors installed in LHC in summer 2007 FNAL. R. Pasquinelli, A. Jansson, …; CERN: F. Caspers, …

9. f September 26, 2007T. Sen: LARP Accelerator Systems Schottky Monitor

10. f September 26, 2007T. Sen: LARP Accelerator Systems Tune and Chromaticity tracker Tune tracker is operational in the Tevatron, RHIC and SPS Tevatron: 2 novel methods of chromaticity tracking: (i) continuous head-tail (ii) rf phase modulation method Head-tail method investigation to continue at SPS, RHIC Phase modulation method will be developed further in the Tevatron Head-tail method Phase modulation FNAL: C.Y. Tan; BNL: P. Cameron, CERN: M. Gasior, R. Jones

11. f September 26, 2007T. Sen: LARP Accelerator Systems AC dipole studies MachineTevatronLHC E [GeV]9807000 σ [mm]0.50.3 Bl [Gm] (4σ) 140165 f ac dipole [kHz] 20.53, 8, 14, 19,… Collaborators UT Austin: R. Miyamoto, S. Kopp FNAL: A. Jansson, M. Syphers BNL: M. Bai, R. Calaga, W. Fischer, P. Oddo CERN: H. Schmickler, J. Serrano  An AC dipole produces oscillating dipole magnetic fields  A sustained oscillation can be excited without blowing up the beam size  The LHC AC dipole strength is close to that of that the Tevatron AC dipole β V @ B0 [cm] β V @ D0 [cm] Prot Helix27.930.8 Pbar Helix35.936.2

12. f September 26, 2007T. Sen: LARP Accelerator Systems Electron lens compensation on TEL on: dQ=0.001 Effects ~comparable except TEL can affect individual bunches Tevatron: TEL2 installed LHC: Simulation  TEL2 acts on proton bunches and increases both Intensity and Luminosity lifetime.  Effect is reproducible  Compensation works for ~10hrs into a store  Head-on compensation under study for RHIC and LHC V. Shiltsev et al

13. f September 26, 2007T. Sen: LARP Accelerator Systems Hardware Commissioning IR commissioning has much overlap with general Hardware Commissioning –Fermilab commissioners are split between these two tasks –cryogenics, power, magnet experts sent –personnel “integrated” into CERN departments, teams M. Lamm

14. f September 26, 2007T. Sen: LARP Accelerator Systems Beam commissioning  LHC@FNAL provides conduit to the CERN CCC and accelerator data, as well as CMS system LHC@FNAL, will allow monitoring and help diagnose from Fermilab during commissioning Used to collaborate on SPS machine studies Major challenge has been to make secure connections to CERN control system, without compromise of control/operation from CERN E. Harms, M. Syphers

15. f September 26, 2007T. Sen: LARP Accelerator Systems Long term visitors Beam commissioning : –CERN: must meet specific needs; no “tourists” –wish to send... a) “Sr” personnel, with expertise b) “Jr” personnel, who can lead in future (e.g. Toohig fellows) LTV Advisory Committee formed (chaired by M. Syphers) –members from all labs and from CERN –meet regularly to determine program priorities and recommend long-term visitors to be sponsored by LARP –funded to send several FTE’s each year LARP will send several beam commissioners; ~10 long term visitors approved by LARP and CERN

16. f September 26, 2007T. Sen: LARP Accelerator Systems LAFS Software effort funded by Fermilab, outside of LARP. ~5-6 FTEs Coordinated with CERN control group and input from operations group Role-based Access –authentication of LHC applications user –authorization from CERN for the user –has become fundamental to the LHC software application development –settings history for all LHC applications will be generated through RBA Sequencer –initiating software tasks “on event” in sequential order ex: fill ring 1; measure emittances, etc.; fill ring 2;... –strong intellectual input based on Tevatron experience Instrumentation Applications –tune display control room application most mature coding at this point –wire scanner control room application working on requirements and design documents –synchrotron light control room application working on requirements and design documents CERN liaison: 1 person at CERN for a year coordinating efforts D. McGinnis et al

17. f September 26, 2007T. Sen: LARP Accelerator Systems Summary Accelerator Systems FY07 budget = $3.8M among BNL, FNAL, LBNL and SLAC. Nearly the same to 2009 APC and Accelerator Division efforts in - IR upgrade: several layouts considered for Phase II - wire compensation: simulations compared with experiments at RHIC - elens compensation: improved luminosity lifetimes in Tevatron - tertiary collimators: simulations show they are effective - Schottky monitors: installed in the LHC tunnel - tune/chromaticity tracker: operational/continuing studies - AC dipole: used for optics measurements - Hardware commissioning: continuing presence at CERN - Beam commissioning: approved list of long term visitors - LHC@FNAL for accelerator scientists and CMS - LAFS providing control room software, applications

18. f September 26, 2007T. Sen: LARP Accelerator Systems Backups

19. f September 26, 2007T. Sen: LARP Accelerator Systems New LARP AS tasks in FY08 Joint IR studies Crystal collimation Electron-lens compensation Crab cavities

20. f September 26, 2007T. Sen: LARP Accelerator Systems LAFS FY07 Org Chart

21. f September 26, 2007T. Sen: LARP Accelerator Systems Budget scope